Welcome to COMP5427 Usability Engineering Judy Kay (co-ordinator) Bob Kummerfeld

School of Information Technologies OHS INDUCTION School of Information Technologies

OHS INDUCTION Emergency Procedures & Evacuation Check for any sign of immediate danger Shut down equipment Follow exit signs in orderly fashion, to assembly areas, as indicated by wardens Do not use lifts Emergency contact numbers Dial 0-000 (from internal phone) and University Security on 9351-3333. First aid kit available in kitchen area adjacent to Lab 110 in SIT Building.

OHS INDUCTION General Housekeeping Use of Labs Keep work area clean and orderly Remove trip hazards around desk area No food and drink near machines No smoking permitted within University buildings Do not unplug or move equipment without permission

OHS INDUCTION WHS Contacts for School of IT First aid officer in SIT Building is Will Calleja (1West) 9036 9706 Chief fire warden in SIT Building is Greg Ryan (1 East) 9351 4360 Nearest medical facility – University Health Service in Level 3, Wentworth Building Report incidents to: Katie Yang (Undergraduate), 9351 4918 Cecille Faraizi (Postgraduate), 9351 6060 Shari Lee (School Manager), 9351 4158

Pragmatics http://comp5427.usydhci.info/ Labs start week 2 Short tour: Notes: Course schedule cumulative Weekly homework presented in lectures Readings (balanced to fit other work and topics)

The teaching team Judy Kay Bob Kummerfeld Thushan Ganegedara Computer Human Adapted Interaction Group Research: personalisation, surface computing, technology for education, lifelong learning, health and wellness Room 307, School of IT Building, J12 Phone: 9351-4502 http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/~judy/ http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/people/judy.kay.php Bob Kummerfeld Research: architectures for user modelling and pervasive computing systems Room 310, School of IT Building, J12 Phone: 9351-4777 http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/~bob/ Thushan Ganegedara PhD student thushv@gmail.com>

Some examples of our research http://www.cruiserinteractive.com.au/client-case-studies?id=2 http://www.cruiserinteractive.com.au/client-case-studies?id=4 http://www.cruiserinteractive.com.au/client-case-studies?id=7 http://chai.it.usyd.edu.au/Projects/DataMiningForTabletop

Textbook Hartson and Pyla Very long and wordy Designer perspective Extensive search…. Big book but don’t fear…. Electronic? Best experience so far on ipad - DL Reader, also tried Bluefire  web version  Very long and wordy Do not fear! Reduces cross referencing More useful as reference We focus on HCI broader view (cf. Usability Engineering) Focus on required readings About the textbook We will also use other readings for depth in the various forms of usability engineering

Class activity What do you expect to learn in this subject? What would you like to learn in this subject and why? What are the most relevant skills you bring to this subject? Why does all this matter?

What is usability?

What is usability? “Learnability: How easy is it for users to accomplish basic tasks the first time they encounter the design? Efficiency: Once users have learned the design, how quickly can they perform tasks? Memorability: When users return to the design after a period of not using it, how easily can they reestablish proficiency? Errors: How many errors do users make, how severe are these errors, and how easily can they recover from the errors? Satisfaction: How pleasant is it to use the design?” Usability 101: Introduction to Usability by Jakob Nielsen on January 4, 2012 http://www.nngroup.com/articles/usability-101-introduction-to-usability/

Utility Usability and utility are equally important and together determine whether something is useful” Easy but useless? Hard, but potentially valuable? “Definition: Utility = whether it provides the features you need. Definition: Usability = how easy & pleasant these features are to use. Definition: Useful = usability + utility.” Usability 101: Introduction to Usability by Jakob Nielsen on January 4, 2012 http://www.nngroup.com/articles/usability-101-introduction-to-usability/

User “Experience” (UX) Even more than “usability” Usability focuses on performance User Experience Emotion, Heritage Fun, Style, Art Branding, Reputation Political, social personal connections Beyond just the device itself – “Service Design” Blends: usability engineering, software engineering, ergonomics, hardware engineering, marketing, graphic design © 2013 - Brad Myers

User experience goals Desirable aspects satisfying helpful fun enjoyable motivating provocative engaging challenging surprising pleasurable enhancing sociability rewarding exciting supporting creativity emotionally fulfilling entertaining cognitively stimulating Undesirable aspects boring unpleasant frustrating patronizing making one feel guilty making one feel stupid annoying cutesy childish gimmicky 15 www.id-book.com 15

Usability engineering…. Systematic ways to tackle the task of creating usable interfaces Methods Theory How to apply them A process (p49 H&P) A checklist (in the hands of an expert) Builds upon science Research studies Psychology Builds upon practitioner research and experience

Some Usability Methods Contextual Inquiry Contextual Analysis (Design) Paper prototypes Think-aloud protocols Heuristic Evaluation Affinity diagrams (WAAD) Personas Wizard of Oz Task analysis Cognitive Walkthrough KLM and GOMS (CogTool) Video prototyping Body storming Expert interviews A vs. B studies Questionnaires Surveys Interaction Relabeling Log analysis Focus groups Card sorting Diary studies Improvisation Use cases Scenarios Cognitive Dimensions “Speed Dating” … © 2013 - Brad Myers

And yet this is also Command line WIMP NUI Do you use this much? If so why, or why not? WIMP What is this? NUI What is it?

Command line …. NUI How deeply different are these? What are the implications for the world you will encounter/create? For usability engineering?

User experience vs. usability The text treats user experience as additional to usability Usability still essential It treats usability is part of user experience Usability is pragmatic component H&P aims to provide a broad foundation for all of these aspects We will consider all the them, but focus on classic usability

What makes it hard to create usable interfaces that provide a delightful user experience?

It is hard to think like the users May need to understand the domain And the context of use And what the user knows And what they have experienced And how they will interpret the interface elements, what they will “see”

Specifications are always wrong "Only slightly more than 30% of the code developed in application software development ever gets used as intended by end-users. The reason for this statistic may be a result of developers not understanding what their users need." -- Hugh Beyer and Karen Holtzblatt, "Contextual Design: A Customer-Centric Approach to Systems Design,“ ACM Interactions, Sep+Oct, 1997, iv.5, p. 62. © 2013 - Brad Myers

More reasons why it is difficult…. Tasks and domains are complex Word 1 (100 commands) vs. Word 2013 (>2000) MacDraw 1 vs. Illustrator BMW iDrive adjusts over 700 functions Existing theories and guidelines are not sufficient Too specific and/or too general Standard does not address all issues. Adding graphics can make worse Pretty  Easy to use Can’t just copy other designs Legal issues © 2013 - Brad Myers

More reasons why it is difficult…. All UI design involves tradeoffs: Standards (style guides, related products) Graphic design (artistic) Technical writing (Documentation) Internationalization Performance Multiple platforms (hardware, browsers, etc.) High-level and low-level details External factors (social issues) Legal issues Time to develop and test (“time to market”) © 2013 - Brad Myers

Summary so far Defining usability And usability engineering And aspects the text treats as additional to usability Reasons it is hard to design usable interfaces

The assignment This will run through the first half of the semester inspiring and driving the learning Electronic text books, and other e-books, have the potential to provide a very valuable way for people to learn. We will study the usability of e-books, with a particular focus on the class text.

Live demonstration of online text Hartson and Pyla, The UX Book: Process and Guidelines for Ensuring a Quality User Experience. Elsevier, 2012. http://opac.library.usyd.edu.au/record=b4415045~S4

Preliminary class activity What are the particular potential advantages of an e-textbook? What are the particular potential disadvantages? What are the “tasks” that a person needs to do when then use an e-textbook?

Homework Auto-ethnography: First step into more typical ethnography: Identify 3 important tasks you want to be able to do when you read an e-textbook. Use a post-it note to write each task Read the parts of the class text, using an electronic version of the book Try to do the tasks above Write a set of post-it notes about the experience: what went well, not so well, delightful…. First step into more typical ethnography: Ask a friend to repeat these three tasks (on just a small part of the text) Record this too (put the details on a set of post-its, put  on ones that matched your experience, # for ones that did not Write a draft concept statement for an e-textbook interface (see next slide) Bring all the above to the next class

System Concept Statement (H&P:96-7) 100 – 150 words Mission statement for the system Needs care and we will refine it during the next class See example in the text Important for this stage and because we will refer to this example through the semester States the following System name Target users What the system is intended to do The problems the system should solve Aspects of the user experience

Overview of the approach H&P Chapter 2: The Wheel 2.2,pp53-5

H&P Chapter 2, p53

H&P Chapter 2, p54

Mapping project parameters to process choices Copyright MKP. All rights reserved. H&P Chapter 2, p63

The system complexity space Copyright MKP. All rights reserved. H&P Chapter 2, p65

H&P Chapter 2, p673-4

Key outcomes – answers to: What is usability? What else matters? What is usability engineering? Design versus science versus engineering What are the four key elements? Who are the professionals who focus on each? Why is it hard to create usable interaction? The iterative processes to address this to engineer usable systems: Why the processes are needed? How heavy weight, according to the complexity? Who does which parts The challenge of seeing the process in terms of the users…..

What is usability engineering? Hartson and Pyla: 1.3: From usability to user experience 1.3.1-5, pp 9-12, 1.3.9 pp 19-21

Readings Getting to the science you need to know And the processes for doing HCI science that links with engineering

Reading for Week 2: Usable security Akhawe, D., & Felt, A. P. (2013, August). Alice in Warningland: A Large-Scale Field Study of Browser Security Warning Effectiveness. In Usenix Security (pp. 257-272). What to do for next week: Read the paper Download CMapTools http://cmap.ihmc.us/ Create a concept map that makes use of ~20 of the most important concepts Bring your map to class [Be ready to store it on your group’s BitBucket site]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_map

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_map

Homework summary Auto-ethnography More authentic ethnography Bring post-its Tasks Your own experiences Others’ Reading on usable security