Immigration of the Chinese Culture to the United States Historical Implications Part 3 Meredith Gebren, Lisa Hackman, Becky Philips, Lynnette Reyes, April Waters TESOL 570 September 30, 2013 Nona Hall

Migration Pattern Wave One Most immigrants came to the US from Southern China After Revolutionary War, some Chinese men began to immigrate to from Canton to New England The Gold Rush of 1848 – 1852 brought thousands of Chinese Immigrants to California After 1882, Chinese would immigrate to Canada and Mexico After 1891, US had possession of Hawaii and Chinese would immigrate here to use as stepping stone for illegal entry. Chinese would then migrate to California since Hawaii did not have the same restrictions as the continental US. Chinese would then migrate across the borders and gain illegal entry into the United States Many moved West seeking opportunities such as the Gold Rush, the Transcontinental Railroad, and setting up California’s agricultural and fisheries Some moved to the Southeast region to work on Southern Plantations After the Emancipation Proclamation many Chinese immigrants moved to southern states such as Arkansas and Louisiana After Reconstruction, many collected in “Chinatowns” which re now found in todays larger cities. Many not happy with their work contracts moved back West to become entrepreneurs After Civil War many Northern factory owners began importing Chinese for cheap labor

Migration Pattern Wave Two: 1949 to 1980 Immigrants coming to the United States classified in ethnic subgroups, Mainland, Taiwan, and Hong Kong Small groups from Taiwan come as college and graduates students in suburban areas Chinese Muslims have immigrated to the United States and integrated within the Chinese community rather than the Muslim community

Migration Pattern Wave Three: 1981 to present Immigrants coming to the United States professionals and college students Immigrants coming to the United States as undocumented aliens in search of manual labor Settle in more suburban areas Settle in large cities such as New York City

Significant Dates and Milestones 1820 First Chinese arrived in the United States Gold Rush led to the increase of Chinese immigrating into California Emancipation Proclamation – This act caused many Chinese to move to southern states in the pursuit of being more accepted and given more rights Contract Labor Act was put in place to support the Chinese laborers looking for work in the United States Burlingame Treaty signed allowing open immigration for the Chinese to the United States Massacres of Chinese due to labor conflicts 1879 Adoption of Section XIX of the California Constitution which specifically authorized discriminatory legislation against Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act – restricted the immigration of Chinese into the United States

1924 Immigration Act – Prohibited immigration of East Asians to 2% Congress repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act 1965 Immigration and National Services Act increased percentage of immigrants previously set by 1924 Immigration Act 1990 Immigration Act of 1990 allowed for even more immigrants to enter the United States