NAnEng vowels Phonological differences from RP Phonetic differences from RP

Phonological differences Rp vowels NAmEng / ɒ / / ɑ / /æ/ / æ/ / ɑː /

Easy to identify correpondences Words spelled with a: RP NAmEng Cat Bad /æ/ /æ/ Man words spelled with o RP NAmEng Pot Top / ɒ / / ɑ / Nod

RP distinction NAmEng / ɒ / - / ɑː / / ɑ / Bomb - Balm Bomb Balm Father Bother Calm

Rhoticity RP NAmEng Gnaw /n ɔː / /n ɔː / Nor /n ɔː r/ Cod /k ɒ d/ /k ɑ d/ Card /k ɑː d/ /k ɑ rd/

Phonetic differences The vowel of pot is unrounded [ ɑ ] in NAmEng, rounded [ ɒ ] in RP. The vowel / ɔ / of paw in USEng tends to be shorter, more open and less rounded than the equivalent vowel / ɔː / in RP Very front realizations of /ou/ such as RP [ ə ʊ ] are not found in most variaties of NAmEng.

North American English consonants ʔ d̯ Glottal stop is found as an allophone of /t/ maily before /n/ Button [b ə ʔ n] and before /l/: bottle [b ɑʔ l] The RP differentiation of /l/: [l] vs [ ɫ ] is not so strong in NAmEng. In most variaties, /l/ is fairly dark in all positions. Intervocalic /t/ is normally a vocalic flap [d ̯ ], not unlike the flapped /r/ of ScotEng: ladder [læ. d ̯ ɹ̝ ]

Regional variation in United States English Lower south: Eastern of Virginia, eastern North Carolina, eastern South Carolina, northern Florida, southern Alabama, Mississippi, Lousianaand south-eastern Texas.

1. lower Southern accents are non-rhotic, many of them are so non-rhotic, that they lack linking and intrusive /r/ 2. the vowels /e/ / ɪ / /æ/ often take a [ ə ] offglide in many stressed monosyllables. Bed [bej ə d] 3. the vowel /ai/ is often a monothong of the type [a:], as in high [ha:]

4. the /ei/ and /ou/ diphtongs tend to havefirst elements rather more open than elsewhere in North America. 5. The vowel /e/ / ɪ / are not distinct before a nasal consonant, so that words such as pin and pen are identical. 6. The verb forms isn’t, wasn’t are often pronounced with /d/rather than /z/: idnt – idn/.

Inland Southern