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STATES OF MATTER Matter can be classified into groups based on the shape and volume of their moving particles –SOLID –LIQUID –GAS –PLASMA

SOLID - state of matter when materials have definite shape and definite volume – Atoms are packed tightly together –Atoms are arranged neatly, orderly –Atoms vibrate around the same location

Examples of Solids are Ice Frog Cheese Bricks Wood Popcicle

Liquid- state of matter when materials have definite volume and indefinite shape – L iquid takes the same shape as its container –Particles FLOW past one another easily –Atoms are close, but not tight –Atoms are randomly arranged

Examples of Liquids are Orange Juice Water Soft drinks Milk Rubbing Alcohol Vinegar

Gas – state of matter when materials have indefinite shape AND indefinite volume – Take shape and volume of container –Atoms spread to fit container –Atoms move rapidly, constantly –Atoms randomly arranged with large spaces between them

Examples of Gases are Steam Oxygen Carbon dioxide Smog Tear Gas Helium

Plasma – state of matter made up of small electrically charged particles –Found where there is high temperature and pressure –Rare to find on Earth –Ex, lightning –Used in fluorescent light bulbs and neon lights

MATTER Kinetic Energy (KE) - energy of motion –All matter is made of millions of tiny particles – these particles are constantly moving, and have KE

Phase Change - reversible physical change from one state to another – heat energy is absorbed or released

Energy determines the state!

Add or Subtract Energy... When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

Bla hbl ah bla hbl ahb hla Red = heating Blue = cooling

Melting – changing from solid to liquid – When a solid gains heat –Temperature and energy INCREASE

Freezing – changing from liquid to solid – When a liquid loses heat –Baked cookies are actually FROZEN because they are solid. –Freezing does not always mean COLD. –Freezing point and melting point are the same

Evaporation – changing from a liquid to a gas – Temperature is below boiling point –Water VAPOR or STEAM = gas – More area = faster evaporation

Boiling – when vapor pressure is the same as atmospheric pressure and bubbling occurs –Vapor pressure - pressure created by moving gas particles bumping into each other or the container –Atmospheric pressure – pressure outside the container

Condensation – change from gas to liquid –Water vapor particles hit a cool surface, lose heat, and change into water Sublimation- change from solid to gas –NO LIQUID IN BETWEEN –Dry ice

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