Statewide Gaps Analysis and Program Recommendations An overview and summary for the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Committee February 5, 2015 Stephanie A. Bradley, Ph.D.

Objective Identify needs for prevention, intervention, and innovative/promising programs to fill gaps in services To include:  Basic needs assessment related to delinquency prevention to identify unaddressed risk factors in current menu  Analysis of currently supported programs  Quality outcomes?  Still filling a need?

Process 1. Examine and analyze statewide data sources 2. Identify heightened areas of risk and vulnerability 3. Review current VPP programs’ match to needs 4. Identify additional programs to match unmet needs through program registries, evidence base, and emerging research 5. Rank candidate programs’ evidence of effectiveness 6. Recommend programs based on ranking and need

Key Considerations Across youth development  In-utero/infancy, elementary through high school, transition to adulthood Across contexts (levels)  Individual, family, school, community  Gender, race/ethnicity Across continuum of risk  Universal prevention to placement

Data Sources Across Risk PAYS 2011 & 2013 Statewide – evaluate risk and protective factors, problem behaviors among school attending youth (“universal” population) 2012 PA Juvenile Court Dispositions – examine characteristics of youth making contact with the juvenile justice system JCJC Recidivism – evaluate needs for higher risk youth entering and returning to the juvenile justice system

Registries and Research Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development Crimesolutions.gov; Nat’l Institute of Justice California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare National Registry of Evidence-based Programs & Practices (NREPP), SAMHSA Striving to Reduce Youth Violence Everywhere (STRYVE), CDC Prevention Research Center, awareness of emerging evidence

Findings & Recommendations

Need: Positive Youth Development Community opportunities for prosocial involvement; all grades Relational and physical aggression and suspensions spike in 8 th grade Depression, 38% of female students report feeling sad or depressed on most days compared to 24% of males. Positive Action: Blueprints Model program, across elementary + middle school, integrated into school day. Focus on social-emotional learning, character development. Significant effects across many prosocial and antisocial behaviors and emotional disturbance. Recommendation:

Need: ATOD Prevention  10th grade youth report higher rates of being drunk at school and being arrested relative to 8th grade youth (2.45x, 1.43x)  The most widely used substance is alcohol, with 44% of seniors reporting using within the last 30 days.  Low perceived risk of drug use  The rate of decline is lowest for drug related dispositions Current VP programs address these needs: Life Skills Training – school-based, middle school Project Toward No Drug Abuse – school-based, high school SFP – middle & high school aged youth Recommendations:

Need: Family Functioning/Coping 46% of all youth involved in delinquency dispositions reported their biological parents as never married. 80% of youth who recidivate come from disrupted family situations (i.e., never married, divorced, separated, one or both parents deceased). Youth with both parents deceased recidivated at the highest rate (32%) of all family situations Parental attitudes favorable to antisocial behaviors (55)

1.Familias Fuertes 2.Family Bereavement Program 3.Family Foundations for Expectant Parents 4.New Beginnings for Children of Divorce 5.Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) 6.Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) 7.Strong African American Families 8.Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF- CBT) Recommendations: Need: Family Functioning/Coping

Familias Fuertes Hispanic version of SFP 10-14; Promising results from Chester County concept grant Strong African American Families Blueprints Promising; culturally tailored SFP Positive Parenting Program (“Triple P”) Blueprints Promising; promoting parenting competence, reducing maltreatment risk, and child behavior and emotion problems. Universal to selective. Ages birth to 12. Recommendations: Need: Family Functioning/Coping

Family Bereavement Program Strongly indicated need, preliminary research promising Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) CA Clearinghouse highest rating, high quality research. Treatment is for youth with a known trauma experience (not ‘suspected’ trauma). Need: Family Functioning/Coping Recommendations:

Final 2015 New VP Programs 1.Positive Action 2.Familias Fuertes 3.Strong African American Families 4.Triple P – Positive Parenting Program 5.Family Bereavement Program 6.Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF- CBT)

PromotionPreventionTreatmentMaintenance Promotion UniversalSelectiveIndicated Case Identification Standard Treatment for Known Disorders Compliance with Long-term Treatment **Positive Action Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies Incredible Years Dinosaur School LifeSkills Training Olweus Bullying Prevention Program Project Towards No Drug Abuse **Familias Fuertes **Strong African American Families **Triple P Strengthening Families Big Brothers Big Sisters **Family Bereavement Program Incredible Years Basic Parent Training Incredible Years Dinosaur Small Group Therapy Aggression Replacement Training **Trauma-Focused CBT Functional Family Therapy Multisystemic Therapy Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care Continuum of VP Programs

LifeSkills Training Blueprints Initiative 2013

LifeSkills Training Blueprints Initiative in PA  3 years of free training, technical assistance support from Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence (CO)  Train teachers to implement as part of health curriculum  Recruitment for 2013 included co-sponsored letter from PCCD, PDE, and DDAP  Implemented in 50+ school districts, 34 collected data, on 4,800+ youth  Significant improvements across knowledge, skills, and risks.  Recruitment for 2016 participation underway.

LifeSkills Training Blueprints Initiative in PA

Number of Sites Youth Served Pennsylvania Costs WSIPP Benefits PA Return on Investment PCCD Data 5 grants1,584 $227/youth Cost per participant based on EPISCenter analysis of PCCD budgets for LST grants. $3,461/youth$5,122,656 CSPV Data* 34 school districts 4,963 $7.84/youth Calculated by cost of data collection fees by the Survey Research Center, divided by the number of youth served by CSPV. $3,461/youth$17,137, 239 6,547 Total Value: $22,259,895 ROI is calculated as the total costs (cost * youth) subtracted from total benefits (benefits * youth). *The cost that CSPV invested in this project for training and materials is not incorporated into these figures, as it was not an expense that PA directly incurred. LifeSkills Training Blueprints Initiative in PA