1. The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for _____. A. the sameness of living things B. the diversity of living things C. both A and B ___

2. Which of the following is considered a macromolecule? A. nucleic acid B. amino acid C. fatty acid D. none of the above ___

3. Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________. A. carbon and nitrogen B. hydrogen and carbon C. hydrogen and phosphorus D. carbon and potassium ___

4. Inorganic molecules do not affect living things. True False ___

A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. salts D. nucleic acids 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules? A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. salts D. nucleic acids ___

6. Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water. True False ___

7. Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms. A. two B. four C. six D. eight ___

8. Functional groups of organic molecules __________. A. determine the polarity of an organic molecule B. have specific chemical characteristics C. can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another D. all of the above ___

A. condensation synthesis B. ionization C. hydrolysis D. phagocytosis 9. The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________. A. condensation synthesis B. ionization C. hydrolysis D. phagocytosis ___

10. During condensation synthesis, water and a bond are formed. True False ___

11. Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer? A. monosaccharide - polysaccharide B. nucleic acid - polypeptide C. nucleotide - nucleic acid D. amino acid - polypeptide ___

12. During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond. A. starch B. cholesterol C. water D. DNA ___

13. Carbons only bond with other carbons in a chain-like formation. True False ___

14. Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way. True False ___

15. Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms. True False ___

16. Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. ribose B. glucose C. phospholipid D. starch ___

A. hydrolysis B. condensation 17. A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______. A. hydrolysis B. condensation ___

18. Which of the following is an isomer of glucose? A. chitin B. starch C. lactose D. fructose ___

19. Cellulose is easily digested by humans. True False ___

A. cellulose B. lactose C. starch D. glucose 20. Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest. A. cellulose B. lactose C. starch D. glucose ___

21. Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots. A. starch B. cellulose C. glycogen D. chitin ___

22. Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates? A. energy storage B. identification of cell type C. plant cell wall support D. all of the above ___

A. glucose B. chitin C. glycogen D. maltose 23. Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers? A. glucose B. chitin C. glycogen D. maltose ___

24. Animal cells store extra glucose as _____. A. starch B. chitin C. cellulose D. glycogen ___

25. Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____. A. DNA B. RNA ___

26. Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____. A. oils B. waxes C. sugars D. proteins ___

27. Which best describes a saturated fat? A. many C=C bonds in its fatty acids B. liquid at room temperature C. animal origin D. all of the above ___

28. Fats from plants are liquid at room temperature. True False ___

29. After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____. A. many amino acids B. different types of nucleotides C. fatty acids and glycerol D. monosaccharides and disaccharides ___

30. Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease. True False ___

31. Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids? A. speed up chemical reactions B. insulation C. plasma membrane component D. long-term energy storage ___

32. Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups. A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic C. inert ___

A. oils B. steroids C. waxes D. phospholipids 33. _____ form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss. A. oils B. steroids C. waxes D. phospholipids ___

34. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids). True False ___

35. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____. A. phospholipids B. waxes C. fats D. all of the above ___

36. The Aqua Puffs cereal, in figure 3A, that has no saturated fat and no cholesterol would be a recommended food for someone trying to lower their risk of coronary heart disease. True False ___

A. saturated fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. cholesterol 37. Dieticians recommend that the majority of our dietary calories come from ______. A. saturated fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. cholesterol ___

38. Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE? A. It is a steroid. B. It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. C. It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. D. all of the above ___

39. Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape? A. temperature B. pH C. either A or B ___

40. The monomers of proteins are _____. A. amino acids B. monosaccharides C. glycerol D. nucleotides ___

A. hormones B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. antibodies 41. Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents? A. hormones B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. antibodies ___

42. Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another. True False ___

A. amino group B. R group C. carboxyl group 43. The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____. A. amino group B. R group C. carboxyl group ___

44. When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat. True False ___

45. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____. A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure ___

46. All proteins have four levels of structure. True False ___

47. The bond between two amino acids is ______. A. formed by hydrolysis B. an ionic bond C. nonpolar D. know as a peptide bond ___

48. The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is associated with its _____. A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure ___

49. Once a protein has been denatured it will never regain its normal shape and function. True False ___

50. Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger? A. hormone B. antibody C. enzyme ___

51. DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded. True False ___

52. In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases. True False ___

53. Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide? A. a pentose sugar B. phosphate C. peptide bonds D. a nitrogen-containing base ___

54. Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____. A. polypeptides B. nucleic acids C. polysaccharides D. lipids ___

55. ATP is a high-energy molecule because two of its phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken. True False ___

A. ionic bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. covalent bonds 56. The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases. A. ionic bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. covalent bonds ___

A. adenosine triphosphate B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine 57. The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____. A. adenosine triphosphate B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine ___

58. The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is _____. A. ATP B. RNA C. DNA ___

59. DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s). A. one B. two C. three D. four ___

60. The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA. True False ___