Time and Money: Using Federal Data to Measure the Value of Performing Arts Activities May 2011 Office of Research & Analysis National Endowment for the Arts arts.gov/research 1

Size of Industry, Workforce, Revenue -United States Census Bureau Consumer Spending -Bureau of Economic Analysis Consumer Spending -Bureau of Labor Statistics Value as Expressed by 2

U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Establishments) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 = for-profit 5,000 10,000 4,899 2,500 7,500 Furniture repair shops Movie theaters General medical and surgical hospitals 3

U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Establishments) Source: U.S. Economic Census, ,000 8,840 10,000 Life insurance firms Business, management, and computer training schools Men’s clothing stores 2,500 7,500 4,899 = not-for-profit = for-profit 4

50, , , ,000 54,000 Cable companies Public relations agencies Computer and office machine repair U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Paid Workers) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 = for-profit 5

U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Paid Workers) Source: U.S. Economic Census, ,648 50, , , ,000 Catering Marketing consultancies Ambulance services 54,000 = not-for-profit = for-profit 6

U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Paid Workers) Source: U.S. Economic Census, , , , ,000 Oil and gas pipeline construction Advertising agencies Coffee shops 183, ,648 54,000 = not-for-profit= for-profit= self-employed 7

U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Total Revenue of Organizations) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 $5 bil. $8 bil. $10 bil. $15 bil. $20 bil. Cafeterias and buffets Drycleaning and laundry services Parking lots and garages = for-profit 8

U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Total Revenue of Organizations) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 $13.6 bil. $5 bil. $10 bil. $15 bil. $20 bil. HR consulting services Ambulatory surgical and emergency centers Direct mail advertising $8 bil. = for-profit = not-for-profit 9

Not-for-Profit Performing Arts Industry Revenue by Source Source: 2007 Economic Census, U.S. Census Bureau Earned Income Contributed Income Individuals 21% Foundations 8% Business 6% Government 4% Other 2% Other Income Total: $5.6 bil. 10

$14.5 bil. U.S. Consumer Spending on Admissions $5 bil. $9 bil. $13 bil. $17 bil. $21 bil. Sporting events Performing arts Movie theaters Museums and libraries Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2009 Car, van, and truck rentals ($11.4 bil.) Moving, storage, and freight delivery ($15.5 bil.) Parking fees and tolls ($15.6 bil.) $6 bil. $10.5 bil. $20.5 bil. 11

Size of Industry, Workforce, Revenue - United States Census Bureau Consumer Spending - Bureau of Economic Analysis Consumer Spending -Bureau of Labor Statistics Value as Expressed by 12

13 Movie attendance 1 mil. 2 mil. 3 mil. 4 mil. Number of Americans Doing Selected Cultural Activities on an Average Day Sports attendance Museum visits Performing arts attendance Other arts and entertainment Arts/crafts activities Source: American Time Use Survey,

14 Movie attendance 1 mil. 2 mil. 3 mil. 4 mil. Number of Americans Doing Selected Cultural Activities on an Average Day Sports attendance Museum visits Performing arts attendance Other arts and entertainment Arts/crafts activities 6.5 mil. did at least one activity Source: American Time Use Survey,

Percent of those who attend, by time of day WHEN DO THEY ATTEND? Source: American Time Use Survey,

16 WHERE DO THEY ATTEND? 65% 10% 9% 8% 4% 36% 64% Places of Worship Schools Outdoors, away from home Bars and restaurants Other Performing Arts Attendees “Other” Arts and Entertainment Attendees Source: American Time Use Survey,

17 Time spent on an average day Watching TV and movies 3:18 Sports-going 2:48 “Other” arts and entertainment 2:42 Performing arts attendance 2:36 Arts/crafts 2:30 Museum-going 2:24 Write for personal interest 1:36 Use computer for leisure 1:30 Read for personal interest 1:24 TIME SPENT ON SELECTED CULTURAL ACTIVITIES How long? Source: American Time Use Survey,

Percent of Americans doing the activity with friends Performing arts attendance 41% Sports-going 33% Movie-going 31% Other arts and entertainment 23% Museum-going 19% Arts/crafts 5% Watch TV and movies 5% Use computer for leisure 2% Write for personal interest 1% Read for personal interest <1% TIME SPENT ON SELECTED CULTURAL ACTIVITIES With whom? 18 Source: American Time Use Survey,

Social Capital -Performing arts attendees are 3.5 times more likely than non- attendees to volunteer in their communities -Regardless of education, gender, or age, performing arts attendance boosts the likelihood of volunteering by 25 percentage points -1.6 million Americans volunteer primarily or secondarily with arts organizations, and 7.1 million provide “free artistic services” to non-arts groups (Source: Nichols et al., NEA Research Notes #94 and #95, 2007) Value as Expressed by 19

Measures of Subjective Well-Being Happiness Surveys

Measures of subjective well-being have recently gained credence (Stiglitz and Sen) Alan Krueger and the National Institute on Aging (Scale of 0-6) 4.3 happiness score for listening to music 2.7 happiness score for doing homework Special considerations for arts participation Happiness Surveys

Other Models, Other Measures Economic Impact Studies (New spending, indirect spending/multipliers) Contingent Valuation Studies (Willingness to pay) Hedonic Housing Price Models (Proximity to arts and culture) Cultural Asset Clusters (Social and economic development)

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