Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms Refusal to maintain healthy body weight Refusal to maintain healthy body weight Fear of weight gain Fear of weight gain Denial of weight problems Denial of weight problems Loss of menstrual cycle Loss of menstrual cycle Negative self evaluations Negative self evaluations Self-starvation Self-starvation

Anorexia Nervosa: Signs Dramatic weight loss Dramatic weight loss Preoccupied with food Preoccupied with food Withdraw from normal activities Withdraw from normal activities Comments: “I feel fat” Comments: “I feel fat” Anxiety and Denial Anxiety and Denial Develops food rituals Develops food rituals Excessive exercise Excessive exercise

Anorexia Nervosa: Consequences Slow heart rate + low blood pressure= Slow heart rate + low blood pressure= HEART FAILURE Reduction of bone density= OSTEOPOROSIS Reduction of bone density= OSTEOPOROSIS Severe dehydration= KIDNEY FAILURE Severe dehydration= KIDNEY FAILURE FAINTING, FATIGUE & WEAKNESS FAINTING, FATIGUE & WEAKNESS LOSS OF HAIR & DRY SKIN LOSS OF HAIR & DRY SKIN LANUGO LANUGO

Anorexia Nervosa: Statistics 90-95% anorexics are women 90-95% anorexics are women One of the most common psychiatric diagnoses among women One of the most common psychiatric diagnoses among women 5-20% of victims will die 5-20% of victims will die One of the highest death rates among mental illnesses One of the highest death rates among mental illnesses Onsets typically in early to mid- adolescence Onsets typically in early to mid- adolescence Body weight is at least 15% below normal Body weight is at least 15% below normal

Bulimia Nervosa A cycle of binging and compensatory behaviors (vomiting or laxative abuse) attempting to undo binge eating A cycle of binging and compensatory behaviors (vomiting or laxative abuse) attempting to undo binge eating Symptoms -Binging -Vomiting, laxatives or excessive exercise -Obsession with body weight or shape -Frequent trips to the bathroom after meals

Bulimia Nervosa: Bulimia Nervosa: Signs - Large food intake in short period of time -The need to “burn off” all calories -Swelling of cheeks or jaw -Calluses on backs of hands -Discoloration of teeth -Complex lifestyle structures to make time for binging and purging -Withdraw from regular activities -Obsessed with food issues

Bulimia Nervosa: Consequences -ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE: loss of potassium and sodium -IRREGULAR HEARTBEATS -POSSIBLE HEART FAILURE OR DEATH -INFLAMMATION/ RUPTURE OF ESOPHAGUS -TOOTH DECAY: from stomach acid -CHRONIC/ IRREGULAR BOWEL MOVEMENTS: from laxative abuse -GASTRIC RUPTURE

Bulimia Nervosa: Statistics -Approximately 80% of bulimia nervosa patients are female -Bulimics will often appear to be of average body weight. -Many people struggling with bulimia nervosa recognize that their behaviors are unusual and perhaps dangerous to their health. -Bulimia nervosa is associated with depression and changes in social adjustment.

Binge Eating Disorder An eating disorder not otherwise specified and is characterized by recurrent binge eating without the regular use of compensatory measures to counter the binge eating. An eating disorder not otherwise specified and is characterized by recurrent binge eating without the regular use of compensatory measures to counter the binge eating.

Binge Eating Disorder Symptoms -Eating large quantities of food in short periods of time -Feeling out of control over eating behavior. -Feeling ashamed or disgusted by the behavior. -Behavioral indicators of BED: eating when not hungry and eating in secret.

Binge Eating Disorder Consequences -The health risks of BED are most commonly those associated with clinical obesity. -High blood pressure -High cholesterol levels -Heart disease -Diabetes mellitus -Gallbladder disease

Binge Eating Disorder About Binge Eating Disorder: - The prevalence of BED is estimated to be approximately 1-5% of the general population. -Binge eating disorder affects women slightly more often than men--estimates indicate that about 60% of people struggling with binge eating disorder are female, 40% are male. -People who struggle with binge eating disorder can be of normal or heavier than average weight. -BED is often associated with symptoms of depression. -People struggling with BED often express distress, shame, and guilt over their eating behaviors.

What Causes Eating Disorders? Psychological Factors : – Low self-esteem -Feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in life -Depression, anxiety, anger, or loneliness Interpersonal Factors : -Troubled family and personal relationships -Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings -History of being teased or ridiculed based on size or weight -History of physical or sexual abuse Social Factors : -Cultural pressures that glorify "thinness" and place value on obtaining the "perfect body" -Narrow definitions of beauty that include only women and men of specific body weights and shapes -Cultural norms that value people on the basis of physical appearance and not inner qualities and strengths

How to Help a Friend: Discuss your intentions with a counselor or family physician and get their advice. Discuss your intentions with a counselor or family physician and get their advice. Plan the intervention carefully: who should be there, what you'll say, what time and place Plan the intervention carefully: who should be there, what you'll say, what time and place Be able to give specific examples of his/her behavior that concern you. Be able to give specific examples of his/her behavior that concern you. Don't criticize, accuse, or dwell on appearance/weight (you might inadvertently reinforce the disorder!) Don't criticize, accuse, or dwell on appearance/weight (you might inadvertently reinforce the disorder!) Use "I" statements such as "I'm really concerned that you don't seem to eat during meals" Use "I" statements such as "I'm really concerned that you don't seem to eat during meals" You may notice resistance or denial of the problem. You may notice resistance or denial of the problem. Acknowledge his/her fears Acknowledge his/her fears Avoid giving simple solutions ("If you'd just stop, everything would be fine!") Avoid giving simple solutions ("If you'd just stop, everything would be fine!") Encourage professional help. You should have resource phone numbers ready. Encourage professional help. You should have resource phone numbers ready. Show caring and continued friendship (don't threaten to withdraw your friendship if they don't get help). Show caring and continued friendship (don't threaten to withdraw your friendship if they don't get help). Keep trying. You never know at what moment they may be more receptive to getting help. Keep trying. You never know at what moment they may be more receptive to getting help. Educate yourself about eating disorders first, that way, if they have questions, you can help answer them. Educate yourself about eating disorders first, that way, if they have questions, you can help answer them. Get support for yourself. Get support for yourself.

Get Real. Get Real Expectations. Get Real Information. Get Real Help. Get Real. Get Real Expectations. Get Real Information. Get Real Help. 1.Create a list of all the things you like about who you are - read it and add to it often. 2.Don’t let your weight or shape keep you from participating in activities that you enjoy. 3.Become aware of what your body helps you do each day. Remember that it is the instrument of your life, not just an ornament 4.Think about all of the things you could accomplish with the time and energy you currently waste worrying about your appearance. Try one! 5.Don’t exercise to lose weight or to fight your body. Do it to make your body healthy and strong and because it makes you feel good. 6. Remind yourself: Life is too short to waste time hating your body! 7. Consciously choose to avoid making comments about other people or yourself on the basis of body size or appearance. 8. Enjoy your favorite meal without feelings of guilt or anxiety over calories and fat grams. 9. Throw out the diet products in your house (e.g. fat-free cheese, diet pills, the scale). 10. Eat when you are hungry. Rest when you are tired. Surround yourself with people that remind you of your inner strength and beauty.