T HE SEARCH FOR MEANING IN READING AND WRITING : Developing communicative and cultural competence through reading and planning writing instruction over time Bernardo Estrada Murrieta Mesa High School,

T HE SEARCH FOR MEANING : “Several decades of research has confirmed that we acquire language when we understand what we read and what we hear.” Stephen Krashen

T HE MONITOR MODEL BY STEPHEN K RASHEN T HE MONITOR THEORY ADDRESSES BOTH THE PROCESS AND THE CONDITION DIMENSIONS OF LEARNING. A theory of language learning:

K RASHEN ’ S M ONITOR M ODEL ( CONDITIONS ) Krashen theory address the conditions necessary for the process of acquisition to take place. Krashen describes these in terms of the type of “input” the learner receives. Input must be comprehensible, slightly above the learner’s present level of competence, interesting or relevant, not grammatically sequenced, in sufficient quantity, and experience in low anxiety context.

D EVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE Characteristics of communicative competence: a) A dynamic concept that depends of the negotiation of meaning b) Applies to both written and spoken language c) Context – specific d) Relative and depends on the cooperation of all those involved

H ISTORICAL FICTION La profecía de la gitana

T HE GRADUAL RELEASE OF RESPONSIBILITY MODEL Focus: Establishing purpose and modeling (I do it.) Guided instruction (We do it.) Collaborative group (You do it together.) Independent (You do it alone.)

R EADING INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES Vocabulary/activate prior knowledge Reciprocal teaching Graphic organizer/finding the climax Elements of literature Presentation/pose questions for audience to answer them.

I NTERACTING IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE Video presentation Results: Take one, National Board Certification

P LANNING WRITING INSTRUCTION OVER TIME The monitor model by Stephen Krashen Learning refers to formal study of language rules and is a conscious process. According to Krashen, however, learning is available only as a “monitor.” The monitor is the repository of conscious grammatical knowledge about a language that is learned through formal instruction and that is called upon in the editing of utterances produced through the acquired system.

P LANNING WRITING INSTRUCTION OVER TIME Topic: The school schedule Six traits writing rubric Data analysis of the results of the first writing composition Writing conference as a way to give students immediate feedback

D ATA ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE FIRST WRITING COMPOSITION

P LANNING WRITING INSTRUCTION OVER TIME Revision (the process of clarifying meaning): Mini lessons (writing strategies): Vocabulary map: a little bit of logic Unscramble game puzzle Sentence combining Differentiating instruction Results of the students revised composition

R ESULTS OF REVISED COMPOSITION : S TUDENT A

R ESULTS OF REVISED COMPOSITION : S TUDENT B