The Universe - A Quest for Reality - By Nina Niermann, Julia Panczyk & Lisa Timmermann Emergent Complexity in Physics

Table of Contents A short History of Physics  Newton  Einstein  QM  prospective unified theories Cosmology  challenges of recent discoveries concluding thoughts

Milestones in Physics Sir Isaac Newton ( ) universal gravitation laws of motion groudwork for classical mechanics Albert Einstein ( ) special relativity general relativity photoelectric effect Quantum Mechanics quantization particle-wave duality

The Standard Model Categorized according to mass: Leptons Mesons Baryons Categorized according to spin: Bosons Fermions Hadrons  Quarks

Confrontation of Two Successful Theories General RelativityQuantum Field Theory  deals with particles  assumes fixed spacetime (special coordinates)  gravity caused by gravitons  quantized energy  includes standard model micro scale  dynamic spacetime  no objective frame of reference (independent coordinates)  gravity = curved spacetime  time slower in gravity field macro scale

GUTS and TOES 2 prominent attempts of solving the problem:  String Theory  Loop Quantum Gravity  Unificatie

String Theory string = single elementary building block particle types = different vibrational modes „Its incompleteness is strength as well as weakness of the theory“ A link between macro and micro purely mathematical

100 Years of Progress individual versus collective quantum mechanics & string theory: results of collaboration  new media: reaction to reaction to reaction... interdisciplinary cooperation

The Modern Universe Fast-paced progression in cosmology Striking developments:  cosmic background radiation (WMAP)  dark matter  dark energy  expansion of the universe  acceleration of expansion Good for you...

Dynamic Universe Einstein: static universe  introduction of cosmological constant detection of redshift  expansion acceleration

Cosmic Background Radiation accidentally detected in 1960s radiation from era of recombination WMAP produces image of CBR (2003) density fluctuation

Dark Matter & Dark Energy hints for existance:  cosmic background radiation  critical mass density 2-5 % luminous matter ~ 25 % dark matter ~ 70 % dark energy prominent candidate for dark matter: neutralino candidates for dark energy: vacuum energy, cosmological constant

Dijkgraafian Thoughts challenges to string theory:  create complete picture  incorporation and prediction of new discoveries  Large Hadron Collider modern research: no one way street derivation of spacetime „It‘s all about asking questions!“

Any questions from the experts?

May the Force be with you... Nina Niermann Julia Panczyk Lisa Timmermann Special Thanks to: Prof. Robbert Dijkgraaf Prof. Ronald Westra