Europe in 1812

The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

Main Objectives eIt’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: VReduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. VRestore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. eSupported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict. eIt’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: VReduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. VRestore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. eSupported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

Key Players at Vienna The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

Key Principles Established at Vienna VBalance of Power VLegitimacy VCompensation VBalance of Power VLegitimacy VCompensation eCoalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. eFrance would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs. eCoalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. eFrance would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

VFrance was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. VRussia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). VPrussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. VA Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. VRussia, Austria, and Prussia form the Holy Alliance. The purpose of the alliance is to prevent other revolutions from happening Changes Made at Vienna (1)

The Germanic Confederation, 1815

Europe After the Congress of Vienna

An Evaluation of the Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna was criticized for ignoring the liberal & nationalist aspirations of so many peoples. The leading statesmen at Vienna underestimated the new nationalism and liberalism generated by the French Revolution. Not until the unification of Germany in was the balance of power upset. Not until World War I did Europe have another general war.

Challenges to the “Concert” System: The 1820s-1830 Revolutions Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Independenc e Movements in the Balkans Wallachia & Moldavia

Greek Independence Hetairia Philike  a secret society that inspired an uprising against the Turks in  Russia declared war on the Ottomans  Treaty of Adrianople 1830  Greece declared an independent nation [Treaty of London]. Greece on the Ruins of Missilonghi by Delacroix, 1827

The 1830 Revolutions

Charles X Although the Charter of 184 was still in effect, Charles governed with the help of ultra-royalist ministers In 1830 the because of elections to parliament returned many deputies who opposed him Charles dismisses parliament

1830 France goes to the Barricades  Revolution, Again!! Workers, students and some of the middle class call for a Republic!

Louis Philippe  The “Citizen King” The Duke of Orleans. Relative of the Bourbons, Lead a thoroughly bourgeois life. His Program:  Property qualifications reduced enough to double eligible voters.  Press censorship abolished.  The King ruled by the will of the people, not by the will of God.  The Fr Revolution’s tricolor replaced the Bourbon flag. The government was now under the control of the wealthy middle class. (r )