Crystal Models Divide the 8 crystal models up between the people at your table. Cut out the models along the solid lines and fold along the dotted lines. Put one very small dot of glue on each tab and glue the sides of your crystal together. Glue your crystal model in the appropriate space on your group’s “Crystal Shapes” sheet. Answer the analysis questions. Analysis Questions: 1. What are the 8 crystal shapes? 2. Which crystal shapes did you make? 3. What characteristics do all crystals share?

Add to Table of Contents: Mineral Observations Pg. 22 Minerals of Earth’s CrustPg. 23

Mineral observations Title page 22 in notebook: Mineral observations

Mineral Observations Pg. 22 Write down each mineral. Skip a line between mineral names. 1. Halite- 2. Calcite- 3. Magnetite- 4. Lodestone- 5. Sulfur- 6. Mica- 7. Pyrolusite- 8. Bentonite- 9. Feldspar- 10. Fluorite- 11. Graphite 12. Bauxite- 13. Quartz- 14. Hematite- 15. Barite-

As you walk around the stations, write down observations about the mineral samples. You will have 30 seconds at each station. Name:________________ Observations: Color:_____________ Shiny or not shiny? Smooth or rough? After you are done: What characteristics do all minerals have in common?

Hand out note fill-in page

Ch. 5 Minerals of the Earth’s Crust

What is the most common element in the Earth’s crust? A.Iron B.Oxygen C.Silicon D.Copper

What is a Mineral? Natural, usually inorganic solid substance with a crystal structure. – Inorganic=nonliving Pyromorphite

What do all minerals have in common? All: 1.Are formed by natural processes. 2.Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive 3.Are solids with a definite volume and shape. 4.Are elements or compounds with a unique chemical makeup 5.Are made up of particles that are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over (called a CRYSTAL)

Minerals in the Earth’s Crust More than 3000 different types of minerals, but only 20 are common. Quartz(SiO 2 )is the most common mineral in the Earth’s crust.

Tape your notes in on pg. 23 Tape across the top so you can read both sides.

New note sheet

Groups of Minerals Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of. Amethyst Beryl (Emerald) Calcite

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples 1. Silicates Contain Oxygen & Silica Contain Oxygen & Silica The most abundant group of minerals The most abundant group of minerals Make up 96% of the Earth’s crust Make up 96% of the Earth’s crust Quartz (SiO 2 ) mica MICA Quartz

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples 2. Non- Silicates Do not contain compounds of Silica and Oxygen Do not contain compounds of Silica and Oxygen Make up only 4% of the Earth’s crust Make up only 4% of the Earth’s crust Include some of the most important minerals Include some of the most important minerals  6 different groups.

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples A. Carbonates Carbon & Oxygen and a positive ion, such as Calcium Carbon & Oxygen and a positive ion, such as Calcium Calcite (CaCO 3 ) Calcite with Duftite inclusions

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples B. Halides Chlorine or Fluorine combined with Sodium or Potassium. Chlorine or Fluorine combined with Sodium or Potassium.Halite(NaCl) Fluorite(CaF 2 )

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples C. Oxides  Metallic ion and Oxygen Hematite (Fe 2 )O 3

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples D. Sulfides  Sulfur and a metallic ion Galena (PbS) Galena

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples E. Sulfates  Metallic ion, Sulfur & Oxygen Barite (BaSO 4 ) Barite on Calcite BaSo4 / CaCO3 Barite BaSo4

Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples F. Native Elements  Single elements Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)

What is a gem? A Mineral OR Rock that has value Rare ! Sometimes polishing or cutting will add value

Gemstone Questions

Fri. 10/17, Mon. 10/20

A pearl forms when a particle of dirt gets trapped in the soft tissue of an oyster. To protect itself from the irritating particle, the oyster secretes a protective layer of a white material called nacre to cover the particle. This nacre covered particle is what we harvest as a pearl. 1.Is a pearl a mineral? 2.Why or why not?

Review What two elements must be present in a silicate? a.Silicon and sodium b.Silicon and phosphorus c.Silicon and quartz d.Silicon and oxygen

In: pg 12 Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop… 1.What element are diamonds made from? 2. What do all crystals have in common?

Out 1.What is your birthstone? 2.What does it look like? 3.If you could have any birthstone, which would it be? Why?

Mon. 11/5 and Wed. 11/7 Quiz #1 today

In: Pg. 16 Watch the movie clip and complete the True/False quiz at the end

Thru 1: Pg Identifying Minerals CLOZE passage As you read pgs in the textbook, please fill in the blanks in the CLOZE passage.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria for determining if a substance is a mineral? a.It is inorganic b.It is a solid c.It has a consistent chemical composition d.It has a shiny surface

Add to Table of Contents: Mineral Lab/questionsPg. 24 Properties of MineralsPg. 25

Physical Properties of Minerals Pg. 25 (can be used to identify the mineral) 1. Color Can be misleading Can vary with the type of impurities

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) 2. Luster Surface reflection of light metallic = shiny like metal non-metallic = dull or reflects light(but not like metals) Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) 3. Streak The color of the powdered form of the mineral The color of the streak can be different than the mineral Minerals must be softer than the streak plate

Streak…can help identify quartz

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) 4. Cleavage & Fracture – The way the mineral breaks – Cleavage—minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape – Fracture—minerals that break at random with rough or jagged edges along irregular lines of weakness.

Cleavage or fracture?

Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) 5. Hardness How easily a mineral scratches materials(or resists being scratched) Mohs Hardness Scale Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper penny, glass, steel file)

Mineral Properties lab:

Name Color Luster Streak Color Cleavage or Fracture Hardness (1-10) 1.Hematite 2. Pyrite 3. Graphite 4. Gypsum 5. Halite 6. Calcite 7. Selenite 8. Apatite 9. Quartz 10.Muscovite 11. Olivine 12.Microcline

Questions: pg.24 under chart 1.Which mineral had a metallic luster? 2.What mineral had a color that was different from its streak color? 3.What is the difference between cleavage and fracture? 4.Which 2 minerals had cleavage? 5.Which mineral had the least hardness? 6.Which mineral had the greatest hardness?

Out Describe each characteristic used to identify a mineral Identifying Minerals Color Streak Luster Fracture Cleavage Hardness

Thurs. 11/8 and Fri. 11/9

The color of a mineral in its powdered form is called the mineral’s a.Streak b.Luster c.Cleavage d.Fracture

In: Pg 18 View the minerals on the next slide and write down whether they show cleavage or fracture

Cleavage or Fracture?

Thru 1: pg 19 Identifying Minerals Lab

Thru 2 Pg. 20 Blank Pg. 21 Diamonds worksheet.

Out An unknown mineral has the following characteristics: It scratches feldspar It scratches glass It cannot scratch quartz Topaz scratches it. 1.What is the mineral’s hardness number on Mohs Scale of Hardness? 2.Which mineral example is this likely to be?

Tues. 11/13 and Wed. 11/14 Quiz #2

Which of the following is the most unreliable characteristic to use to identify a mineral? a.Streak b.Luster c.Color d.Hardness

In: Pg. 22 What is one mineral that you use every day? What is the use of this mineral?

Halite

Gypsum

Talc

Calcite

Thru 1: Pg. 23 Uses of Minerals Lab Complete the Lab and tape in on this page!

Out Did any of the mineral uses you discovered in the lab surprise you? Explain.