Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )

Write down 5 things you ate in the last 24 hours. Bell work This should be completed silently: Write down 5 things you ate in the last 24 hours. If you don’t remember or didn’t eat, write down 5 things you would typically eat in a 24 time period. Classify them as a sugar, protein, or fat

Diet analysis Dairy- (Lipids Sugars) Grains Fruit vegetables Protein

Lab- Testing for Macromolecules Lab Safety Goggles must worn Clean up of your area Glassware, well dishes, trash and countertop Follow along as I demo lab set up on the board.

Frayer Model note taking Definition/Functions Monomer and Polymer Examples Pictures

Carbohydrates Definition: molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.

Carbohydrates Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule ( Monosaccharide ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together ( Polysaccharide )

Carbohydrates Function: Broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells: Starch: made and stored by plants Glycogen: made and stored by animals

Carbohydrates Function: Major part of plant cell structure: Cellulose: makes up the cell wall that is the tough outer covering of plant cells

Carbohydrates Structure ( glucose ):

Carbohydrates Structure ( Sucrose ):

Carbohydrates Structure ( Starch ):

Carbohydrates Structure ( Glycogen ):

Carbohydrates Structure ( Cellulose ):

Carbohydrates Examples?

Think-Pair-Share Why are carbohydrates important to your diet? Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner Share- When I ask raise your hand to share with the class

Lipids Definition: nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Most lipids contain chains of carbon atoms bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

Lipids Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule ( Fatty acids ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together ( Lipid )

Lipids Function: Broken down as a source of usable energy for cells Fats ( animals ) and Oils ( plants ) ( Two familiar types of lipids )

Lipids Function: Part of a cell’s structure: Phospholipid: consists of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Cholestrol: a lipid that has a ring structure.

Lipids Function: Body uses it ( Cholestrol ) to make chemicals called steroid hormones. Functions of Cholesterol-based steroids: Regulate body’s response to stress Control sexual development and the reproductive system ( testosterone and estrogen )

Lipids Structure ( Triglyceride – has three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol, but no phosphate group ):

Lipids Structure ( Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids ):

Lipids Structure ( Phospholipid ):

Lipids Structure ( Cholestrol ):

Lipids Examples?

Think- Pair- Share Why are lipids important to your dietary needs? Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner Share- When I ask raise your hand to share with the class

Proteins Proteins are basic molecular building blocks of cells and all parts of animals. Proteins are among the largest organic molecules.

Proteins Monomer Polymer What do they do Amino acids Proteins Enzymes Structural support Storage Transport Hormones Receptors Motor/contractile

What is a Protein There are 20 total different amino acids. Amino acids have carboxyl and amino groups—the R group/side chain differs and determines the amino acid’s properties.

Enzymes Only certain parts of a protein are chemically active. The shape of a protein determines which active sites are exposed.

Proteins Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids. Your cells combine different amino acids in various ways to make new and different proteins.

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains: a sugar molecule a phosphate molecule, and a base molecule.

Two Types of Nucleic Acids DNA RNA Sugar Deoxyribose Sugar Ribose

DNA and nucleic acids DNA is a nucleic acid . A DNA molecule is put together like a twisted ladder. This model shows a short piece of the flattened DNA ladder. A DNA molecule is usually twisted and much longer.

DNA Each side of the ladder is made of: 5-carbon sugars called deoxyribose and phosphate groups.

DNA There are four nitrogen bases in two matched pairs.

White board practice

Which macromolecule is it?

Which Macromolecule is it?

How do you know this is a carbohydrate?

How do you know this is a lipid?

Which macromolecule is this?