Taiwan The Cold war and aftermath and military confrontations with the PRC A battle between Good and Evil 本著作除另有註明外，採取創用 CC 「姓名標示－非商 業性－相同方式分享」台灣 2.5 版授權釋出創用 CC 「姓名標示－非商 業性－相同方式分享」台灣 2.5 版 Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)(CC BY-NC-SA 2.5

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Confrontation in Jinmen Half the size of Taipei city ,000 pop 1945 – 50,000 pop ,000 troops After 90’s went down to 10,000 2 kms from Xiamen Like the Berlin wall in Germany As one former Cuban ambassador said “The preservation of the principles which have shaped humanity is being decided at Jinmen. In Jinmen, the fight is for the rights of man, for freedom of the press, for the right to think for one’s self and to believe in God.” WIKI Luuva

Battle of Guningtou By the late September 1949 the PLA’s 10 th Army cops came down the coast of Fujian Province with little resistance On October 17 a boy from Jinmen named Wu Caisan was sent to Xiamen to buy cooking oil and medicine and by afternoon the ferries stopped running and he wasn’t to return for 40 years

October 24, 1949 The first major battle in at Jinmen began on when about 8,000 PRC troops embarked on an amphibious assault on the island Troops were split up with some in the center and some further west. WIKI Lukacs

October 27, Intense Urban style fighting occurred until the PLA ran out of ammunition. 4,000 PLA soldiers were killed with 5,000 captured and 1000 ROC forces were killed significant win for Chiang Kai Shek and his troops who needed the morale boosts over so many previous loses However for the residents of Jinmen and especially Guningtou had mixed feelings since many of them were made into porters, to bury the dead and their homes were destroyed

Different US policies to Communism Containment – Prevent spread of communism Vietnam Rollback – or regime change – Korea, Iraq Détente – 1970’s relaxing of tension

US policy aftermath President Truman acknowledged the ROC but announced in January 1950 that the US wouldn’t get involved in cross straight conflict. June 25, the Korean war began and he moved the 7 th fleet to deter neutrality between the 2. After Eisenhower was elected he lifted the blockade so Chiang Kai-shek's could invade in 1953 The next year Jinmen began building forces and the Chinese responded by artillery.

The artillery war The first Taiwan crisis Artillery began on September 3 rd killing 2 Americans on the first day among others. December 2 treaty was signed to support the defense of Taiwan and Penghu only PLA took the Yijiangshan Islands, forcing the ROC to abandon the Tachen Islands in January. End of January Formosan Resolution was formed to defend Taiwan and other territories for defenses. By March shelling continued and Secretary of Defense Dulles considered nuclear weapons and in May major hostilities ceased.

Results Almost 60,000 shells had been fired. 61 civilians were killed and 129 injured and almost 2000 homes were destroyed. Scholars believe that Mao wanted to prevent the US from making strong commitments to the region but this backfired since the US made stronger commitments to Taiwan then planned.

2 nd Taiwan crisis 1958 Various reasons why crisis began Chinese built railroad to Xiamen, testing US policy, US in the Middle east, Great leap forward began August 23 intense shelling began and aerial engagements began October 6 th After running out of artillery shells and a stalemate with air force they had cease fire. PRC fired around 450,000 shells roughly 2,500 ROC troops and 200 PRC troops were killed and 138 civilians. Shelling continued on alternative days until the US formally recognized China in 1979.

1960’s The change in the Cold war By the end of the 50’s there was the Sino-Soviet split with Mao keeping more hard core line and hostile view of the west and Khrushchev wanted peace co-existence Mid 60’s China competing with the USSR to be leader of Communist revolution in late 60’s border conflicts and anger concerning old treaties almost brought war around Xinjiang and elsewhere. Taiwan’s economy began to grow although Jinmen’s only a tiny amount. WIKI Zhang Zhenshi (1914–1992 )

1970’s China realized it could fight against USSR and USA and the USSR was bigger threat. Following Nixon’s visit to China he made historic arms treats with Brezhnev 1979 The US formally changed recognition from Taiwan to China Taiwan relations act created informal relations with government in Taiwan.

1980’s Cold war with Soviet Union headed up with Regan’s election and the Soviet’s invasion of Afghanistan 1980’s China began to open up economically 1984 the PRC and ROC began formal contact and trade etc Mikhail Evstafiev

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis The US grants President Lee Teng Hui a visa visit Cornel University in the US Spoke of Taiwan's Democratization Experience First missiles were fired to deter independence 2 nd set of missiles were intended to intimidate voters for electing him He opposite occurred and he was the first elected President. WIKI A-giâu

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