The History of Aircraft Materials

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Presentation transcript:

The History of Aircraft Materials

The History of Aircraft Materials Questions to answer in this module… What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? Why were these materials adopted? Why did some materials replace others? What is the future for materials in aircraft?

1843 - Rubber Charles Goodyear – Vulcanization Tires Seals and gaskets

1903 - First flight - Wright Brothers Aluminum engine block Spruce & steel wire structure Fabric skin

1903 - Wright Brothers Why wood and wire structure? Why fabric skin?

1903 – Aluminum Engine Block Most internal combustion engines of the time were of cast iron construction

1907 – Plastic Leo Hendrik Baekeland – refines plastic production to create bakelite

1915 – All Metal Airplane Hugo Junkers Steel tubing Sheet iron skin

1916 - Stressed Skin Construction LFG Roland C.II

Stressed-Skin Construction Why stressed-skin? Skeleton-like space frame construction used for non-stressed skin aircraft.

1926 - Semi-Monocoque Construction Ford Tri-motor

Semi-Monocoque Construction Cutaway view semi-monocoque construction

1930’s – Increased Aluminum Use Duralumin and Alclad

1931 - Stainless Steel Construction Budd BB-1 Pioneer

Steel/ Stainless Steel vs. Aluminum So why not build all aircraft out of stainless steel? Corrosion resistance Weight Cost Buckling failure

1936 - Plastics Use Expands Plexiglas

1942 - Composites- Fiberglass Cockpit components for war effort

1940’s – 1950’s Superalloys Before World War II iron based alloys were developed for high temperture work. The war increased demand of performance materials for turbochargers and jets.

1950-1963 - Titanium The A-12 precursor to the SR-71

1969 - Carbon Fiber Composites Rolls-Royce RB211 jet turbofan engine

1970 – Boron Fiber Composites F-14 Tomcat

1981 - Ceramics Space Shuttle Thermal Protection Tiles

1998 - Aluminum-Lithium Space Shuttle external fuel tank

2005- GLARE “GLAss-Reinforced” Fiber Metal Laminate (FML)

2009 – Boeing 787 Dreamliner Large scale composite use

Future- Intelligent Materials Inbedded sensors and monitoring systems Materials change properties and configurations

Future- Nanotechnology Ultra-strength Composites Locally tailored materials for specific requirements

Summary What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? Why were these materials adopted? What is the future for materials in aircraft?