Social Studies Grade 9 UNIT 4: MIGRATION

 Immigration reached a peak in the years before the First World War (Up to 1914).  First Nations were relocated on reserves in the West.  Canada was hoping to populate the West with Europeans.  Government polices to encourage Immigration by giving free land. In particular looking for people from the UK and USA IMMIGRATION BEFORE 1945

 They started to extend the invitation to Eastern Europe. Even though they were less desirable  By the 1920’s, Immigration began to slow. Nonetheless was still substantial.  Most of the land was settled in the West by  So many immigrants either moved to the urban area for jobs or to the North the be employed by the minds IMMIGRATION BEFORE 1945

 By the 1930’s the Great Depression had set in and high employment caused the Government to discourage Immigration.  Many Canadians did not want Immigration due to possible competition of jobs. IMMIGRATION BEFORE 1945

 After the war many Canadians became more sympathetic to people directly affected by conflict.  People who began to react more positive about people seeking refuge here.  Canada needed people to work for their post war economy. Also Canada began taking more refugees for humanitarian reasons. IMMIGRATION AFTER 1945

 In 1971 Uganda had a Coup D'état.  Military General Idi Amin seized power.  Amin expelled Asians, mainly Ismaili Muslims, from Uganda on August 4, 1972, nearly 6,000 Ugandan Asians were brought to Canada.  Amin blamed Britain’s colonial policy for Asian domination of Uganda’s trade and business.  Declaring that political independence should lead to economic independence. UGANDAN REFUGEES

 he expelled all Asians who were not Ugandan citizens, roughly 80,000 people, the majority of whom held British passports.  Over the course of 5 years Canada began to accept thousands of Ugandans who were expelled or seeking refuge from Amin’s rule. UGANDAN REFUGEES

 Is being a refugee a push or pull factor?  Are they being pulled somewhere? Or being pushed out? UGANDAN REFUGEES

 The policy we have today for immigrations aims to limit the amount of discrimination.  By 1976 the system that was placed to consider the people we allow in Canada, is very similar to the one we have today. TODAYS IMMIGRATION POLICY

 Immigrants are divided into three different classes TODAYS IMMIGRATION POLICY

 A close relative living in Canada can sponsor family members to move to Canada.  An example: A husband moves to Canada and sponsors his wife from another country to come over and apply to immigrate to Canada. FAMILY CLASS

 An immigrant fleeing from ‘great personal danger’ in his or her homeland is allowed entrance to Canada.  Examples: Civil War, Religious Persacution, A woman who has received repeated physical abuse from her husband and within a state where domestic violence goes unpunished p. 69 HUMANITARIAN OR REFUGEE CLASS

 Accessed on a point system.  The point system calculates if he move to Canada is mutually beneficial to all parties.  Categories based on: Language, Education, Skills, Business Opportunities, etc. INDEPENDENT CLASS

Roughly 228,000 immigrants come to Canada. HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS SHOULD CANADA LET IN?

OPPOSED TO IMMIGRATION  Canada’s economy cannot create jobs fast enough to absorb new Canadians.  They will take away jobs from resident Canadians  Some immigrants draw on social welfare programs and services  Possible rise of racial tension with the introduction of visable minorities HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS SHOULD CANADA LET IN?

IN FAVOUR OF IMMIGRATION  Canada is a big land with a small population. We need more people to fully develop the nation and it’s economy.  Immigrants provide new ideas and skills. The economy needs skilled workers.  Immigrants fill job vacancies that most Canadians don’t want to fill. With the baby boomers retiring more vacancies are on their way  Canada’s multicultural society is enriched by immigration. Talented and hard working immgrants have helped Canada prosper. HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS SHOULD CANADA LET IN?

OUT OF THE 228,000 PEOPLE THAT COME TO CANADA EACH YEAR. 27,000 WERE OF THE REFUGEE CLASS HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS SHOULD CANADA LET IN?

IN FAVOUR OF ACCEPTING REFUGEES  Canada must honour it’s commitment to the United Nations to aid in the displaced and persecuted.  Returning refugees to where they came from puts them in danger.  Canada has the room where Canada is so physically big.  People in desperate situations can’t do the formal wait of two years. EX: A civil war or revolution HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS SHOULD CANADA LET IN?

OPPOSED TO ACCEPTING REFUGEES  Not all refugee claims are legit.  Accepting refugees without proper identification can pose security risks to Canada.  Some claiming refugee status can be accused of being “queue jumpers”. Jumping ahead of people who have made legal applications.  Accepting refugees will promote more arrivals in the future.  Promotes the people smuggling business. See p. 70 HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS SHOULD CANADA LET IN?

 In most cases Canadians who are internally migrating are attracted to the same places that immigrants are.  Usually these are driven by economic factors  For Maritimers in the 1920’s much OUT-MIGRATION to other areas of Canada and to some areas in the New England area. This would increase as the Great Depression of the 1930’s would set in. CHANGING MIGRATION DESTINATIONS IN CANADA

 By the Second Half of the 20 th century, Atlantic Canadian’s focused on moving to Ontario, Alberta, and BC.  It was no longer easy to immigrate to The USA.  First Nations however can move freely due to the Jay Treaty of But it is only one way. American First Nations can’t come in to Canada. CHANGING MIGRATION DESTINATIONS IN CANADA

 A larger movement began to occur. As people from Rural Areas began to move to Urban ones.  Technology and mechanization have changed resource based industries to that fewer workers are needed.  First Nations have also made more of a move into the Urban Areas. In particular out West, for example Winnipeg has roughly 46,000 First Nations people. CHANGING MIGRATION DESTINATIONS IN CANADA

 When people decide to leave a country it is known as EMITGATION.  The fear for Canada is that we are losing our best educated and most talented to the USA.  Although we have lost a significant amount to the United States we still get more immigrants with University Degrees than people leaving Canada. EMIGRATION: BRAIN DRAIN?