Gender-related development index Gender empowerment Development: Gender Gender-related development index Gender empowerment

Gender Inequalities According to the UN there is not a single country in the world where its women are treated as well as its men. Gender inequalities exists in every country of the world High HDI does not mean gender equality.

Comparing Gender Equality among countries Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) compares the level of development of women to men. (within a country) Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

Gender-Related Development Index Same indicators of developed used in HDI Income Literacy Education Life Expectancy However, your rating goes down when there are major differences in the well-being of men and women.

GDI cont… Ex. Iran and Mexico score the same on education but in Iran women less likely to attend school. Low GDI means women have a level of development less then men of the same country. Norway highest GDI of 0.941 Lowest GDIs in Sub-Sahara Africa

Economic Indicator differences In the US: Average income ($) of women- $26,000 Av. $ of men- $43,000 Income gap of MDC is $15,000 LDC- less difference in $$$ but in % earned.

Social Indicators of Gender Differences Education and Literacy Women are less likely to attend school in LDCs than MDCs Ratio of women to men in MDCs is 99:100 but only 60:100 in LDCs

Demographic Indicators of Gender Differences Female baby born in MDC expected to live longer than male- 6 years in USA Female baby born in most LDCs only 2 more years

Gender Empowerment Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) measures the ability of women to participate in the process of achieving improvements. Calculated by combining two indicators of economic power: How much and type of job and Political Power : CEO, Manager, President.

GEM Perfect equality of power between women and men would have a score of 1.0 MDCs in North America, Northern Europe and South Pacific have the highest scores Lowest scores are in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Economic Indicators of Empowerment Percentage of women in professional and technical jobs indicates economic power held by women in a state More than half of professional and technically positions are held by females in MDCs, Less than ¼ in LDCs Share of national income held by women another indicator of women’s power in a state Every country in the world, women have a lesser share of national income than men

Political Indicators of Empowerment Managerial jobs represent the ability to influence the process of decision making Greater representation representation of women in MDCs than LDCs at the managerial level Percentage of women compared to men elected to office another indicator 13% of US congress female Typically MDCs government 10% female; LDCs less than 5%