Conscious and unconscious movements- how we move and how we control those movements MOVEMENT

Any movement within your body, either conscious or not, in response to a stimulus from the external environment or from a need noticed inside your body Voluntary movement- movement of skeleton Involuntary movement- digestion, heartbeat, breathing

SYSTEMS INVOLVED Skeletal system Provides structural support for body Muscular system Moves bones (and others) to put body into desired positions

TYPES OF MUSCLE Skeletal Muscle- attached to bones- directly moves body parts Smooth Muscle- line many organs- involuntary Cardiac Muscle- only in heart- pumps heart

MOVEMENT OF YOUR SKELETON- CONNECTIONS Tendons- connect muscle to bone When muscle contracts, pulls bone Ligaments- bone to bone Holds bones together

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER Cellular Respiration Takes oxygen and glucose, makes ATP ATP used to make muscles contract Muscles and other organs we’ve discussed Lungs/diaphragm Intestines/smooth muscle lining

CELLULAR RESPIRATION In Mitochondria Glucose broken down Bonds in glucose turned into ATP Useable energy Remaining carbon from glucose exhaled as carbon dioxide

ORGANS RELYING ON MUSCLES Intestines Muscles contract to cause food to be pushed through Blood vessels/capilaries Muscles contract to open/close blood vessels

PROCEDURES THAT HELP YOU ACL/MCL surgery Rotator cuff “Tommy John” procedures

ACL/MCL SURGERY Ligaments Anterior cruciate and Medial Collateral Ligaments Ligaments Similar to rubber bands that hold bones together

ROTATOR CUFF Group of muscles and tendons that hold shoulder in place With overuse or trauma, tendons can tear To fix, must drill holes in bone to restring tendons (often taken from hamstring area)

TOMMY JOHN Baseball pitcher Through repetitive twisting of elbow, frayed UCL (ulnar collateral ligament) Elbow surgery done to replace ligament with tendon taken from somewhere else in body

DISEASES INVOLVING MOVEMENT MS vs. ALS Tendinitis

MS VS. ALS MS attacks all neurons ALS attacks only motor neurons Immune system attacks nerves, preventing signal from being sent to muscles telling person to move

TENDINITIS Inflammation of tendons Due to overuse of tendon OR Due to acute injury