Revision Lessons Year 11 Physical Education Credits Miss Sandri

Physiology Exercise Physiology

Exam Check List  Understand the terminology  Explain anaerobic exercise  Explain aerobic exercise  Describe short term physiological responses of exercise  Describe long term adaptations of training on the body

Short Term Responses to Exercise What were the three different categories/systems? See how many responses you can come up with.

Long Term Responses to Exercise What were the three different categories/systems? See how many responses you can come up with…

Aerobic Energy Systems What are the key points?

Anaerobic Energy Systems What are the key points?

Exam Check List  Understand the terminology  Explain anaerobic exercise  Explain aerobic exercise  Describe short term physiological responses of exercise  Describe long term adaptations of training on the body

Anatomy

Exam Check List  Identify agonist and antagonist muscles of a movement  Identify muscles around the elbow, hip, knee and ankle  Identify bones around the elbow, hip, knee and ankle  Identify joint movements of the elbow, hip, knee and ankle  Define ectomorph, endomorph & mesomorph body types

Joint Name Joint Movement Name of Agonist Name of Antagonist Elbow Hip Knee Ankle

Joint Name Joint Movement Name of Agonist Name of Antagonist Elbow Flexion to ExtensionTricepsBiceps Hip Flexion to ExtensionGluteus maximusHip flexors Knee Flexion to ExtensionQuadricepsHamstrings Ankle Plantar flexionGastrocnemousTibialis anterior 1 2

Body Types Ectomorph:  Tall and slender  Very little muscle  Basketball Mesomorph:  Muscular and athletic  Strength and endurance  Athletics Endomorph:  Short and high proportion of fat  Short duration  Swimming, sumo, power lifting

JointJoint TypeMovementAgonistAntagonist ElbowFlexion Extension HipFlexion Extension KneeFlexion Extension Ankle condyler joint Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion

JointJoint TypeMovementAgonistAntagonist Elbow hinge Flexionbicepstriceps Extensiontricepsbiceps Hip ball and socket Flexionhip flexorsgluteals Extensionglutealship flexors Knee hinge Flexionhamstringsquadriceps Extensionquadricepshamstrings Ankle condyler joint Plantarflexiongastrocnemiustibialis anterior Dorsiflexiontibialis anteriorgastrocnemius

Explanation- Excellence Describe the movement occurring at the right hip joint. Extra for experts: ▫ Turn over your worksheet and try describing flexion of the knee.

Exam Check List  Identify agonist and antagonist muscles of a movement  Identify muscles around the elbow, hip and knee  Identify bones around the elbow, hip and knee  Identify joint movements of the elbow, hip and knee  Define ectomorph, endomorph & mesomorph body types

Anatomy- Questions?

Biomechanics

Exam Checklist  Explain the BOS, COG and LOG in relation to stability  Define force summation  Explain the three principles of force summation  Define Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion  Explain one law of motion in detail

BOS, COS & LOG Using the terms (base of support, centre of gravity and line of gravity) describe how sumo wrestlers (or athletes in general) could increase their stability? Increase the size of their BOS Lower their COG Keep their LOG within their BOS

Force Summation Definition The sum of all forces generated by each body part. Three principles o Use the maximum amount of body parts possible o Sequence (large muscles groups first, small muscle groups last but fast) o Timing (contracting muscles at the optimum point of contraction

Principles of Force Summation… Use the greatest number of body segments or muscle groups as possible. In the correct sequence, use large muscle groups first and then the small muscles last, but fast. Use the correct timing of the body segments or muscle groups.

Newton’s Laws of Motion Law 1: ▫ Inertia Law 2: ▫ Acceleration Law 3: ▫ Action/Reaction

Explain one ‘Law of Motion’ in detail Pick one law of motion. Using this image, explain how the law of motion could be applied to this sporting example. Tell your neighbour.

Law 1: Inertia Law 1: Inertia- an object remains at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Law 1: Inertia Inertia is an objects resistance to change in motion. An objects inertia is proportional to it’s weight (mass). The heavier the object, the more inertia it has. Sporting example…

Law 2: Acceleration Law 2: Acceleration- the acceleration of an object is dependant on the mass, size and direction of the force acting upon it. force = mass x acceleration [ f = m x a ]

Law 2: Acceleration When a force is applied to an object, it will move in the direction the force was applied. Depending on the size/ mass of the object, it will accelerate accordingly. ▫ The smaller the object the faster it will accelerate. ▫ The larger the mass, the slower the acceleration.

Law 3: Action/Reaction Law 3: Action- reaction- whenever a force is applied there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Law 3: Action/ Reaction If an athlete exerts a force onto the ground in order to push off, the ground will exert an equal and opposite force on the athlete, pushing them up into the air. Action force Reaction force

Example- Swimming Think about a swimmer: a) When would Newton’s 3 laws take place? b) How could Newton’s 3 laws of motion help their performance?

Exam Checklist  Explain the BOS, COG and LOG in relation to stability  Define force summation  Explain the three principles of force summation  Define Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion  Explain one law of motion in detail

Last Minute Exam Tips  9ish questions  1.5 hours  Anatomy  Biomechanics  Physiology  Spread your time evenly over all of the questions  Revise your notes- use the exam checklist  Do not ramble and confuse answers  GOOD LUCCCCCKKK!!!