CHAPTER 5 Data and Knowledge Management

CHAPTER OUTLINE 5.1 Managing Data 5.2 The Database Approach 5.3 Database Management Systems 5.4 Data Warehouses and Data Marts 5.5 Knowledge Management

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify three common challenges in managing data, and describe one way organizations can address each challenge using data governance. 2. Name six problems that can be minimized by using the database approach. 3. Demonstrate how to interpret relationships depicted in an entity-relationship diagram. 4. Discuss at least one main advantage and one main disadvantage of relational databases.

Learning Objectives (continued) 5. Identify the six basic characteristics of data warehouses, and explain the advantages of data warehouses and marts to organizations. 6. Demonstrate the use of a multidimensional model to store and analyze data. 7. List two main advantages of using knowledge management, and describe the steps in the knowledge management system cycle.

Annual Flood of Data from….. Credit card swipes s Digital video Online TV RFID tags Blogs Digital video surveillance Radiology scans Source: Media Bakery

Annual Flood of New Data! In the zettabyte range A zettabyte is 1000 exabytes © Fanatic Studio/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

5.1 Managing Data The Difficulties of Managing Data Data Governance

Difficulties in Managing Data Source: Media Bakery

Data Governance See videovideo Data Governance Master Data Management Master Data

Master Data Management John Stevens registers for Introduction to Management Information Systems (ISMN 3140) from 10 AM until 11 AM on Mondays and Wednesdays in Room 41 Smith Hall, taught by Professor Rainer. Transaction Data Master Data John StevensStudent Intro to Management Information SystemsCourse ISMN 3140Course No. 10 AM until 11 AMTime Mondays and WednesdaysWeekday Room 41 Smith HallLocation Professor RainerInstructor

5.2 The Database Approach Database management system (DBMS) minimize the following problems: Data redundancy Data isolation Data inconsistency

Database Approach (continued) DBMSs maximize the following issues: Data security Data integrity Data independence

Database Management Systems

Data Hierarchy Bit Byte Field Record File (or table) Database

Hierarchy of Data for a Computer-Based File

Data Hierarchy (continued) Bit (binary digit) Byte (eight bits)

Data Hierarchy (continued) Example of Field and Record

Data Hierarchy (continued) Example of Field and Record

Designing the Database Data model Entity Attribute Primary key Secondary keys

Entity-Relationship Modeling Database designers plan the database design in a process called entity-relationship (ER) modeling. ER diagrams consists of entities, attributes and relationships. Entity classes Instance Identifiers

Relationships Between Entities

Entity-relationship diagram model

5.3 Database Management Systems Database management system (DBMS) Relational database model Structured Query Language (SQL) Query by Example (QBE)

Student Database Example

Normalization Minimum redundancy Maximum data integrity Best processing performance Normalized data occurs when attributes in the table depend only on the primary key.

Non-Normalized Relation

Normalizing the Database (part A)

Normalizing the Database (part B)

Normalization Produces Order

5.4 Data Warehousing Data warehouses and Data Marts Organized by business dimension or subject Multidimensional Historical Use online analytical processing

Data Warehouse Framework & Views

Relational Databases

Multidimensional Database

Equivalence Between Relational and Multidimensional Databases

Benefits of Data Warehousing End users can access data quickly and easily via Web browsers because they are located in one place. End users can conduct extensive analysis with data in ways that may not have been possible before. End users have a consolidated view of organizational data.

5.5 Knowledge Management Knowledge management (KM) Knowledge Intellectual capital (or intellectual assets) © Peter Eggermann/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Knowledge Management (continued) Tacit Knowledge (below the waterline) Explicit Knowledge (above the waterline) © Ina Penning/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Knowledge Management (continued) Knowledge management systems (KMSs) Best practices © Peter Eggermann/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Knowledge Management System Cycle Create knowledge Capture knowledge Refine knowledge Store knowledge Manage knowledge Disseminate knowledge

Knowledge Management System Cycle

Chapter Closing Case The Problem The Solution The Results