OBJECTIVES: DEFINE HOUSING AND BRIEFLY DESCRIBE HOW IT HAS EVOLVED ANALYZE THE BASIC PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS THAT HOUSING SATISFIES COMPARE AND CONTRAST HOUSING NEEDS AMONG PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES AND LIFE STAGES ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING HOMES THAT FOLLOW THE CONCEPT OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN The Universal Need for Housing

The Development of Housing  Basic role of housing is to provide protection and a safe environment in which to live  Housing is defined as any structure built for people to live in Natural Shelters  Before tools: dug pits to stay out of wind, caves, trees  Primitive tools allowed for improvement of shelters

Portable Shelters Primitive people had to hunt, fish and gather food to survive Moved a lot, created shelter that could be taken apart and moved  Today, Nomads in parts of Africa still have portable huts

Permanent Shelters Development of farming and domesticating animals, no need to move Built close to resources: good soil, water supply and building materials Artic, use ice blocks Bamboo/reeds New Guinea, Tigris and Euphrates rivers Limited resources resulted in mud brick houses Development of farming and domesticating animals, no need to move Built close to resources: good soil, water supply and building materials Artic, use ice blocks Bamboo/reeds New Guinea, Tigris and Euphrates rivers Limited resources resulted in mud brick houses

As agriculture improved needed places to store surplus Granary, (a new type of shelter) established idea of building shelters for possessions

Distinctions Within Communities Early as 3500 B.C. (Sumerians) Center of city larger homes made of wood for wealthy Single story homes for middle class Outskirts of town farmers, crude mud brick homes Greeks, Romans, and Chinese all developed similar communities

 As the rich gained more possessions, interest grew in protecting wealth  Built with more sturdy materials  Medieval times Castles of stone with moats surrounding

Comfortable Shelters Medieval Time Castles were not for comfort  Stone, drafty, narrow windows for light

Renaissance period (Italy 1300’s) Increase interest in comfort Brighter, more sanitary, better ventilation

19th century Homes were used more for entertaining and relaxation Wealthy and Middle Class expectations grew for their homes Guests would stay for months at a time

Housing to Fit Human Needs Physical Needs – all things the body needs to survive: air, sunlight, shelter, sleep and food Shelter  Elements of nature determines how we build Sleep  Provides a safe and comfortable place to sleep  North America specific rooms for sleeping  Other parts of the world this is not the case (Japan, sleep on mats)

Food  Place for food preparation and eating  Not always a separate kitchen Safety and Security  Towns/villages formed to help protect each other  Today increase security we add locks, alarm system, neighborhood watch

Psychological Needs are needs related to thoughts and emotions This makes a house a home Love, belonging, fun, comfort, relaxation, trust, privacy (time alone) Today people in neighborhoods interact less than in the past  Creating planned communities to enhance the sense of neighborhood  Big front porches/stoops

Identity in a House Personalize your home  Likes/Dislikes,  Larger homes with more wealth/achievement Represents your values, beliefs, tastes and attitudes Lifestyle is a way of living your life. Creativity Building a home Paint color Rearrange furniture Art/refrigerator art Space for hobbies

Housing and Individual Needs through the Life Span Childhood/Single Beginning stage Parenting stage Launching Stage Aging stage/Middle age Retirement Stage

Special Housing Needs Senior housing choices  Retirement housing to nursing homes  In home assisted care  Served meals, socialize, and provide transportation

Special Housing Needs Disabilities  Technology has greatly improved  Hearing impaired  Visually impaired  Wheel chairs  Mental Disabilities

Universal Design Most homes in the past were designed for the “Average Person” Universal design involves designing interiors and products to accommodate all people with a variety of requirements, need and abilities.  Different sizes, ages, and abilities

Universal Design Barrier-free design spaces are built without structures that would prevent access by people with special needs. Adaptable design features are temporary and can be changed easily.

Exterior Design Interior Design Kitchen Design Bathroom Design