The Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics – Update, May 2002 P. T. Krein, Director Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering May 2002

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2 Purposes of the Grainger Center Establish leadership in electric machines and electromechanics.Establish leadership in electric machines and electromechanics. Nurture a new generation of engineers for the electric machinery field.Nurture a new generation of engineers for the electric machinery field. Advance the technologies of machines and electromechanics.Advance the technologies of machines and electromechanics. Support student team programs in the field, such as the Future Energy Challenge.Support student team programs in the field, such as the Future Energy Challenge.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 3 Purposes of the Grainger Center Organize a national collaborative network for machines innovation.Organize a national collaborative network for machines innovation. –California – Berkeley –Georgia Tech –Ohio State –Purdue –RPI –Wisconsin

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 4 Purposes of the Grainger Center Stimulate activity in the processing and use of electrical energy as it relates to expanding the scope and applications of machines and electromechanics.Stimulate activity in the processing and use of electrical energy as it relates to expanding the scope and applications of machines and electromechanics. Please see for a view of the major topics for the 2003 Future Energy Challenge.Please see for a view of the major topics for the 2003 Future Energy Challenge. Sponsored by USDOE, USDOD, IEEE, and by the Grainger Center.Sponsored by USDOE, USDOD, IEEE, and by the Grainger Center.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 5 About the Grainger Center Started in 1999 with a $1.4 million grant from the Grainger Foundation.Started in 1999 with a $1.4 million grant from the Grainger Foundation. This included extensive equipment support as well as operations.This included extensive equipment support as well as operations. Grant support will be renewed in 2002.Grant support will be renewed in A new faculty member (Pat Chapman) was added and supported through the CEME.A new faculty member (Pat Chapman) was added and supported through the CEME.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6 Project Overview Fundamentals of machine design.Fundamentals of machine design. –Best use of materials. –Point-by-point selection. –Field analysis for “optimization.” MEMS work from the application and electromechanics viewpoints.MEMS work from the application and electromechanics viewpoints. Motor control (from a systems perspective).Motor control (from a systems perspective). Power electronic devices to expand the application of drives.Power electronic devices to expand the application of drives.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 7 Project Overview New energy sources such as miniature fuel cells.New energy sources such as miniature fuel cells. Biomechanical research.Biomechanical research. Ideas with the potential for revolutionary advances in machines and electromechanical devices.Ideas with the potential for revolutionary advances in machines and electromechanical devices.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 8 Sample Projects Linear motor design for the teaching laboratory.Linear motor design for the teaching laboratory. This provides a true “open-frame” arrangement for detailed classroom experiments.This provides a true “open-frame” arrangement for detailed classroom experiments.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 9 Sample Projects Induction machine optimization for “dedicated inverter” operation.Induction machine optimization for “dedicated inverter” operation. Select among copper, aluminum, and steel at each point in the rotor, to maximize torque while minimizing losses.Select among copper, aluminum, and steel at each point in the rotor, to maximize torque while minimizing losses. Take advantage of an electronic drive to deliver the necessary frequency to provide high torque and low loss.Take advantage of an electronic drive to deliver the necessary frequency to provide high torque and low loss.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 10 Sample Projects Battery equalization for improved battery management.Battery equalization for improved battery management. Keep battery voltages tightly matched during charge and discharge to maintain performance.Keep battery voltages tightly matched during charge and discharge to maintain performance. A simple switched-capacitor approach provides precise matching while avoiding tolerance limitations.A simple switched-capacitor approach provides precise matching while avoiding tolerance limitations.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 11 Sample Projects Gallium-nitride device development for power electronics.Gallium-nitride device development for power electronics. GaN is an important alternative to SiC.GaN is an important alternative to SiC. Has the advantages of a high-bandgap material, plus it is in production for LEDs.Has the advantages of a high-bandgap material, plus it is in production for LEDs. A very promising material for power semiconductors.A very promising material for power semiconductors.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 12 Sample Projects Efficiency-optimizing control for motor drives.Efficiency-optimizing control for motor drives. This is based on the ripple-correlation concept invented at Illinois. Motor flux is adjusted in real time to minimize power consumption.This is based on the ripple-correlation concept invented at Illinois. Motor flux is adjusted in real time to minimize power consumption. Significant benefits at light load.Significant benefits at light load.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 13 Sample Projects High-fidelity pulse width modulation (PWM) for audio applications – with spin- offs for drives.High-fidelity pulse width modulation (PWM) for audio applications – with spin- offs for drives.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 14 Future Projects Fast 3D magnetics for machine design and analysis.Fast 3D magnetics for machine design and analysis. Power processing for miniature fuel cells, and a possible “fuel cell center.”Power processing for miniature fuel cells, and a possible “fuel cell center.” Nonlinear controls for complicated motor- load combined systems.Nonlinear controls for complicated motor- load combined systems. Noise mitigation in machine applications.Noise mitigation in machine applications. Active filters to minimize drive EMI.Active filters to minimize drive EMI.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 15 Ac Motor Designs for 42 V Auto Systems Car motor usage is growing fast. It will soon rise to 200 electric motors per car. The 42 V system redesign is an opportunity. Source: Johnson Electric, 1999.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 16 Vehicle Applications CEME has experience in electric and hybrid cars.CEME has experience in electric and hybrid cars.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 17 Miniature Power Applications A sample design challenge:A sample design challenge: –Efficient miniature power for communications, network nodes, and MEMS devices. Supply just a few milliwatts, with very high efficiency.Supply just a few milliwatts, with very high efficiency. Example: power on a chip.Example: power on a chip.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 18 Conclusion The Grainger CEME is being built up as the national leader in electric machines and electromechanics.The Grainger CEME is being built up as the national leader in electric machines and electromechanics. We intend to nurture a new generation of machine designers with broad systems expertise and a background in fundamental electromechanics.We intend to nurture a new generation of machine designers with broad systems expertise and a background in fundamental electromechanics. We seek to pursue revolutionary concepts in the design, control, and use of all types of electromechanical devices.We seek to pursue revolutionary concepts in the design, control, and use of all types of electromechanical devices.