TAKS Flash Cards IPC (Objectives 4 & 5)

Transverse Wave The medium moves perpendicular to the wave.

Longitudinal Wave The medium moves parallel to the wave.

Surface Wave Combination of Transverse and Longitudinal Waves

Seismic Waves Waves that travel through the earth, such as during an earthquake.

What is Q in the diagram? Wavelength – the distance between two identical points on a wave.

What is S in the diagram? Amplitude – the distance between a crest (or trough) and the rest position of the wave.

Refraction The bending of a light wave as it passes into a different medium.

Reflection When a wave bounces back into the medium it came from.

Resonance When one object vibrating causes a second object to vibrate. Example: Tuning Forks.

Convection The movement of heat through currents in a fluid. Example: Warm air rises.

Conduction The movement of Heat by direct contact Example: Food being heated on the stove.

Radiation Movement of Heat through Electromagnetic Waves. Example: Solar Panels heating by Sunlight, Popcorn popping in the Microwave.

Series Circuit A single path for electric current through all the parts of the circuit.

Parallel Circuit More than one path of electric current through all the parts of the circuit.

Parts of a Circuit Resistor Impedes the movement of electricity through the circuit.

Parts of a Circuit Wires Conduct electric current through the circuit.

Parts of a Circuit Battery The long line is the positive end. The short line is the negative end.

Parts of a Circuit Switch An open switch does not allow the current to pass. A closed switch does allow a current to pass.

Density The amount of matter (mass) in a given amount of space (volume).

Viscosity The resistance of a fluid to flow. The more viscous a fluid, the slower it flows.

Buoyancy The force that causes less dense substances to float. Less Dense = Floats More Dense = Sinks

Properties of Water Polar – Universal Solvent Density = 1 g/mL Formula = H 2 O pH = 7 (Neutral)

Atomic Number The number of Protons in the nucleus of an atom. Ex. The above atom has an atomic number of 4.

Atomic Mass The number of Protons + Neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Ex. The above atom has an atomic mass of 9.

Element Matter composed of one type of atom. Examples: Oxygen, Gold, Aluminum, Chlorine, Sodium.

Compound Two or more different substances chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Example: Water, Salt, Carbon Dioxide

Mixture Physical blend of two or more substances.

Physical Change A change in matter that does not result in a new substance. Example: Dissolving, Melting, Breaking, Boiling, Freezing.

Chemical Change A change in matter that results in a new substance. Example: Burning, Rusting, Corroding.

Law of Conservation of Mass The mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants. In an equation, the mass before the arrow equal the mass after the arrow.

Reactant Matter that undergoes a chemical reaction. Reactants are usually left of the arrow in a chemical equation.

Products Matter that is the result of a chemical reaction. Products are usually on the right of the arrow in chemical reaction.

Factors affecting Solubility (How much of a substance dissolves.) Agitation (Stirring) Surface Area (Smaller Pieces) Heat Pressure Amount of Solvent Amount of Solute

Solubility Rules Like Dissolves Like (Polar dissolves Polar) (Non-Polar dissolves Non-Polar) Example: Salt dissolves in water, Oil does not dissolve in water. Oil is Non-Polar.

Solute & Solvent The Solute dissolves in the Solvent Example: In salt water, water is the solvent, salt is the solute.

Precision Measurements that are close together.