Addis–Adama Expressway

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS): Improving Road Safety Rahel Desalegne, PE, PTOE ITS/Traffic Engineer TranSmart Technologies, Inc. Founder, Safe Roads To Health Title Using intelligent Transportation System to improve road safety Road safety an integral/central part of transport infrastructure development Frist ERA-EEO First Transportation and Safety Symposium Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, December 30, 2014

Road Accident Injuries and Fatalities in Ethiopia 2581 people died in 2010 due to road accidents in Ethiopia, according to the 2013 WHO’s Global Status Report on Road Safety. Road traffic accidents are becoming major public safety and development obstacle in the country. Many of the victims are public transport users, pedestrians, and are between the ages of 18-30, prime working age group. Ethiopia looses about $65 million USD due to road traffic accident Slide 3 Nearly 1.3 million people die on world roads annually Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death of young people aged 15-29 In Ethiopia 2,581 people died due to road accidents in 2010 according to the 2013 WHO’s Global Status Report on Road Safety Many of the victims are public transport users, pedestrians, and are between the ages of 18-30, prime working age group. Ethiopia has one of the highest road accident rate in the world (38 per 100,000 population in Ethiopia, 13.9 in the USA) Road traffic accident death and injuries are under-reported in Ethiopia, because no comprehensive data is collected The social and economic toll to victims is surmounting

Factors that Contribute to Road Accidents… Slide 4 Defective road geometry and lack of intersection control Defective road geometry and lack of intersection control

Factors that Contribute to Road Accidents… Crashes involve.... • Humans • Vehicles • Roads Driver Distractions and mix of traffic Slide 5 Drivers Distractions and mix of traffic – the story of the horse in the middle and how that can be a cause of accident Crashes involve humans vehicles and roads

Factors that Contribute to Road Accidents… Severe Congestion Slide 6 Sever congestion at Meskel Square, lack of intersection control, work zone control, mix of traffic, no adequate pedestrian facilities

Factors that Contribute to Road Accidents… Slide 7 Human behaviors errors are about 60% cause of accidents Not obeying traffic rules, divining under the influence of alcohol or other substance (drugs…) Drivers & pedestrian errors

Preventing Road Traffic Accidents What Can be done? The 4Es approach Engineering Education Enforcement Emergency Response Slide 8 Top picture – crash in Ethiopia, source unknown Bottom picture – Multi-car pile-up near Gary Summit, Missouri in August, 2010 Crash involved a 19 year driver, driving his pick up track at 55 mph (88.5 kmph) collided with tractor truck while texting on his mobile phone. He was then rear-ended by a school bus The driver and a 15 year old student on the bus died, and 38 other injured This incident like lead to mobile phone ban while driving in many states. Taking the 4E approach (Engineering, education, enforcement, and emergency response) to prevent road traffic accidents

Road Safety Culture in planning, design, and construction of roads Safer roads and mobility for All Safer vehicles, educated safer road users Sound Design Guidelines and Capacity Building Post –crash response and access to emergency Care The 4Es Road Users Road infra- structure vehicle The 4 Es' will include interagency/interdisciplinary strategic plan that would address the three prime elements of the traffic system. Prevention Strategies and policies need to adapt to local conditions. Along with the basics of sound planning and engineering, ITS can have great potential for solving road safety challenges. Slide 9 The 4Es target road users through education, enforcement, and emergency response Regulations for safe vehicles, driver laws, design guidelines Safe and efficient road infrastructure The 4 Es will include interagency/interdisciplinary strategic plan that would address the three prime elements of the traffic system. Prevention Strategies and policies need to adapt to local conditions. Along with the basics of sound planning and engineering, ITS can have great potential for solving road safety challenges.

ITS Applications for Road Safety ITS Technologies are valuable tools to improve safety, incident management, traffic flow and facility operations (including, roads, bridges and toll plazas). How do ITS Technologies improve safety? Reduction in crashes and fatalities (ATIS, ATMS, RWIS) Enhance effective coordination between stakeholders (Traffic Operators, EMS, Police etc.) to manage incidents – TMC Improve Safety & Security in PTS (Public Transp. Systems) – e.g. Adv. Warning Systems in buses; Signal Controls for Trains etc. Slide 10 ITS Technologies are valuable tools to improve safety, incident management, traffic flow and facility operations (including, roads, bridges and toll plazas). How do ITS Technologies improve safety? Reduction in crashes and fatalities (ATIS, ATMS, RWIS) Enhance effective coordination between stakeholders (Traffic Operators, EMS, Police etc.) to manage incidents – TMC Improve Safety & Security in PTS (Public Transp. Systems) – e.g. Adv. Warning Systems in buses; Signal Controls for Trains etc Improve Safety of Pedestrians (e.g. Traffic Signal Controls) Improve Safety of Travelers & construction workers in work zones (e.g. ATIS, ATMS) Improve Safety and Security for Trucks (APTS - Fleet Management) – e.g. Providing traveler information for safe driving Providing traffic data support system for improving Transp. Operations & Planning – e.g. CCTV & Video traffic monitoring systems TMCs Freeway toll management requires deployment of ITS technologies (CCTV, video traffic monitoring systems, TMC & communication) for Addis – Adama tollway ATIS – Advanced Travelers Information Systems ATMS – Advanced Transportation Management Systems TMC – Traffic/Transportation Management Centers APTS – Advanced Public Transport Systems

ITS Applications for Road Safety How do ITS Technologies improve safety? Improve Safety of Pedestrians (e.g. Traffic Signal Controls) Improve Safety of Travelers & construction workers in work zones (e.g. ATIS, ATMS) Improve Safety and Security for Trucks (APTS - Fleet Management) – e.g. Providing traveler information for safe driving Providing traffic data support system for improving Transp. Operations & Planning – e.g. CCTV & Video traffic monitoring systems for TMCs Slide 11 ITS Technologies are valuable tools to improve safety, incident management, traffic flow and facility operations (including, roads, bridges and toll plazas). How do ITS Technologies improve safety? Reduction in crashes and fatalities (ATIS, ATMS, RWIS) Enhance effective coordination between stakeholders (Traffic Operators, EMS, Police etc.) to manage incidents – TMC Improve Safety & Security in PTS (Public Transp. Systems) – e.g. Adv. Warning Systems in buses; Signal Controls for Trains etc Improve Safety of Pedestrians (e.g. Traffic Signal Controls) Improve Safety of Travelers & construction workers in work zones (e.g. ATIS, ATMS) Improve Safety and Security for Trucks (APTS - Fleet Management) – e.g. Providing traveler information for safe driving Providing traffic data support system for improving Transp. Operations & Planning – e.g. CCTV & Video traffic monitoring systemsTMCs Freeway toll management requires deployment of ITS technologies (CCTV, video traffic monitoring systems, TMC & communication) for Addis – Adama tollway ATIS – Advanced Travelers Information Systems ATMS – Advanced Transportation Management Systems TMC – Traffic/Transportation Management Centers APTS – Advanced Public Transport Systems

So What is ITS? Slide 12 What is ITS – many things

Per the ITS Joint Program Office of the USDOT WHAT IS ITS? Per the ITS Joint Program Office of the USDOT Intelligent transportation technologies and Systems are application of integrated information, telecommunications and computer based technologies to infrastructure and vehicles in order to improve safety and mobility on the nation’s surface transportation network. Slide 13 ITS’s USDOT ITS Joint Program office definition

SIMPLY PUT… Intelligent Transportation Systems are… People using technology in transportation applications to save lives, time and money Slide 14 Lay person ITS definition

ITS is… …Traffic Signal Systems Slide 15 ITS is Traffic Signal Systems Advanced traffic signal systems can minimize the stop and go traffic flow. They are especially helpful during incident management or during special events. Picture - Traffic signal control cabinet – technician can change signal timing here. With computerized signal system and a link to your office at the traffic signal management center or even from home. Source: www.santa-clarita.com Source: MDOT …Traffic Signal Systems

Examples of ITS Safety Applications Side 16 Example of traffic signal system Smart Traffic Signals and Controllers – provide systematic monitoring traffic conditions, and efficient traffic flow (timing of signals for motorist and pedestrians). Smart Traffic Signals and Controllers – provide systematic monitoring traffic conditions, and efficient traffic flow (timing of signals for motorist and pedestrians).

ITS is … Slide 17 - ITS is . . . Global Positioning Systems Useful for tracking car, bus, truck, train, and ferry location. Pictures (left to right) 1) Satellites used for determining positions of objects (a good example is transit operators locating their buses). 2) Using global positioning systems for surveying instead of traditional equipment-more accurate and precise. …using CCTV cameras, in-pavement and non-intrusive traffic detectors/sensors, mobile phones, Bluetooth, and GPS to collect and monitor traffic data Source:

ITS is… …Real Time Traveler Information system Slide 18 ITS lets travelers, businesses, and commercial carriers know what to expect so that the trip time can be precisely predicted. Pictures (left to right) 1)Real-time display of bus information at a bus stop (Atlanta) 2)Dynamic Message Sign (message reads: COURTLAND ST EXIT MOVING SLOWLY USE ALTERNATE EXIT) 3)Traveler information on the Internet, 511 system …Real Time Traveler Information system Source: MDOT

ITS is… Active Traffic Management that maximize efficiency and safety of every lane Slide 19 ITS is Active Traffic Management that maximized efficiency and safety of every lane Picture courtesy of Mn/DOT ATMs have been deployed in major cities ( I-5, Seattle , WA; I-35, Minneapolis, MN, I-66, Fairfax, VA) I am member of the design team for I-90 ATM system in Chicago, IL – will be operational in 2016

Intersections and Mainline Warning Devices ITS is… Intersections and Mainline Warning Devices Slide 20 Good application on rural highways – intersection and mainline warning devices solar power operated and uses traffic detectors and flashing signals to alert motorist. Source: MDOT

ITS is.. ...Traffic and Transit Management Slide 21 Source: MDOT Slide 21 Traffic and Transit Management ITS can assist in operating transport facilities as safely and efficiently as possible. In the USA more push in recent years especially as funding new construction challenging, and is moving towards performance measurement of transport facilities and services. Improving travel time reliability Picture Traffic Management/Operations Center ...Traffic and Transit Management

ITS is… Smart Work Zone ITS Devices Slide 22 Dynamic Lane Merge System - The system is intended to improve work zone capacity and reduce crashes, (studies show minimal improvement) but it’s greatest value may be the merge control or direction it provides drivers approaching the lane closure Work Zone Traffic Management - this concept can employ several technologies and is slowly starting to move ahead on some projects, but requires some detailed advance planning and design. A practical example might be to combine temporary work zone ITS with permanent ITS managed through the region TMC

ITS is… Coordinated Traffic Incident Management Slide 23 ITS is a coordinated traffic incident management that enables a safe, reliable, and fast incident response Real-time traffic information is gathered by ITS devices (CCTV cameras, video surveillance), incident information from traveler, and private sector are pushed to TIMS/TMC Information is disseminated to first responders (police, EMS) Source: www.td.gov.hk

ITS Integration and Communication Slide 24 The ITS system at work. Traffic/Transportation Management Center Incident management Road Weather management Traveler Information System Dynamic message signs and variable message signs 511 system Work Zone traffic control Source: www.td.gov.hk

ITS Architecture Development Slide 25 Institutional, transportation and communication are required and involved It is a framework for developing integrated transport system It identifies: organizations, systems operated, functions performed, communications, and information exchanged Source: http://www.iteris.com/itsarch/html/menu/hypertext.htm

Addis–Adama Expressway Slide 26 Addis-Adama Tollway and ITS application

ITS Benefits Saving Lives Saving Time and Money (increasing transport efficiency can boost economic growth) Saving Energy Improving Coordination Improving Traffic Flow & Infrastructure Capacity Improving Customer Services - Traveler Satisfaction Improving the Environment – Health & Quality of Life Offers the next major leap forward in improving safety, convenience, and productivity of our personal and commercial travel. Slide 27 Projected ITS Infrastructure Benefits These are 6 good measures for the Federal Government Performance Results Act: Time Savings -Faster to respond to incidents from CCTV; Select fastest mode from advanced traveler information -Electronic toll facilities reduce stopping delays; Electronic clearance for CVO -Inform (Long Island): estimates of savings as high as 1900 vehicle-hours for peak period incident Improved Throughput -Seattle freeway management: traffic up 10% to 100% along I-5 -Doing what we can to keep traffic off of residential streets; Improve transit vehicle on-time performance -Helping highway throughput due to advanced traveler info decision. Reduced Crashes and Fatalities -Minneapolis: 27% reduction in annual accident rates on I-35W -Faster incident notification time means a reduction in fatalities -With Mayday systems in rural areas; with cellular phones, urban areas -Blind spot detection sensors - on school buses Cost Avoidance -NJ Transit: annual reduction of $2.7 m in cash handling with electronic fare -Trucking deliveries up 10-20% with computer assisted dispatching -Trucking also save money by saving time thru electronic clearance Increased Customer Satisfaction -Improve on-time performance for transit vehicles/customers -Smart Card - interoperability; can use one card for many systems -Express bus routes (Phoenix, AZ) report 90% of fares paid by bus pass cards Energy and Environmental Benefits -Improved efficiency results in reduced emissions and fuel savings

Emerging/Future ITS Applications – Connected Vehicles Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Vehicle-to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to infrastructure (V2I) offer wireless communication based active safety applications. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Technology Landscape Source: www.kbb.com Slide 28 The current frontier of ITS development V2V & V2I test beds throughout the USA Safety applications – will have significant potential to reduce crashes through advisories and warnings Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V safety application, research and testing is underway through ITS JPO and the private sector Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) – active safety applications (crash sensors) being developed, applications using traffic signals phase and timing (SPaT) information that is sent to vehicles via a wireless network. Safety Pilot Model Deployment in Ann Arbor, MI - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute and DOT conducted a Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) in Ann Arbor, Michigan, from 8.2012 to 8.2013, using DSRC-enabled equipment in a real world environment, resulting in a major national decision. 2 836 vehicles (cars, trucks & buses) 21 signalized intersections, 3 curve locations & 5 freeway sites DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) is a two-way short- to- medium-range wireless communications capability that permits very high data transmission that is critical for V2V and V2I ITS technologies Source: www.essetek.com

Peoria Area ITS System Source: European Telecommunications Standards Institute (2012) Slide 31 How the surface roads, underground tunnels, air space will utilize ITS technologies to enable safe and efficient mobility How buildings, homes, cities will be smarter using smart technologies in the future (A vision of smart city initiatives around the world including in Africa)

What is next… Build Capacity – Institutional, Technical & Managerial Strengthen ITS Ethiopia and traffic safety lead agencies – Knowledge & Technology Transfer Develop a Comprehensive National ITS Architecture & Safety Strategic Plan, Implement System Engineering approach to successfully plan and deploy ITS projects Develop a strong Data Collection & Warehouse Systems (Incident Tracking, GIS, Base Map etc) Develop Concrete Safety Goals, Objective and Standard Performance Measures at all levels – National to Local (Vertical & Horizontal). Improve Communications & Coordination among major Safety Stakeholders using modern ITS/ICT Comm. Systems (e.g. Internet, Video, Broadcast Radio & TMC links.) Slide 30 What is next for Ethiopia How can Ethiopia can benefit from the already available ITS technologies and develop smarter transport infrastructure that will save lives, time and money, provide safe and efficient mobility for all users? The time is right now as the country is building its transport infrastructure What need to happen? Build Capacity – Institutional, Technical & Managerial Strengthen ITS Ethiopia and traffic safety lead agencies – Knowledge & Technology Transfer Develop a Comprehensive National ITS Architecture & Safety Strategic Plan Implement System Engineering approach to successfully plan and deploy ITS projects Develop a strong Data Collection & Warehouse Systems (Incident Tracking, GIS, Base Map etc) Develop Concrete Safety Goals, Objective and Standard Performance Measures at all levels – National to Local (Vertical & Horizontal). Improve Communications & Coordination among major Safety Stakeholders using modern ITS/ICT Comm. Systems (e.g. Internet, Video, Broadcast Radio & TMC links.)

ITS System Engineering Slide 31 System engineering approach is required to plan, design and deploy any ITS project Happy to announce that Abiyu Berlie will conduct a detailed workshop on ITS architecture and system engineering during the upcoming ITE Ethiopia meeting in January, 2015 Source: FHWA

Everybody can do something Government and Policy-makers Victims and Survivors Media Private Companies Engineers and Educators A CULTURE OF SAFETY Emergency responders Slide 32 Each and everyone of us can do something to make our roads safe Conclusion: The use of I T S in developed countries like America, west European countries, Japan and China has aided these counties progress in the field of transportation. It has helped to provide safe and efficient mobility to their citizens. Efforts in the field have been targeted to reap the safety benefits particularly with the emerging connected vehicle technologies In addition to the safety benefits ITS helped these countries around the world in their economic progress, relives the traffic congestions, help the environment by reducing fuel consumptions, better for the environment Medical professionals Law enforcement Officers

Thank You! Any Questions? Rahel Desalegne, PE, PTOE ITS/Traffic Engineer Founder, Safe Roads To Health http://www.saferoadstohealth.org Slide 33 Safe Roads To Health is a non profit organization establish to combat road accident epidemics in the the developing world. It works to bring planners, engineer, educators, public officials and public health specialist to tackle the issue.