ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory Paolo Favali on behalf of the EMSO Consortium ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma EMSO, EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap, is the European network of fixed seafloor and water column observatories constituting a distributed infrastructure for long- term monitoring of environmental processes A large European users community has been gathered around ESONET- NoE ( , emso.org/) which has been providing many inputs to the shaping of EMSO EMSO Preparatory Phase In the EC-FP7 EMSO Preparatory Phase (12 countries) started in 2008 for 4 years with the aim to design and create the legal entity in charge of managing the infrastructure

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma EMSO is A Marine Research Infrastructure: permanent, large-scale, deep-sea laboratory to observe and study Marine Ecosystems Climate Change Geo-Hazards Geo-Hazards

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma  Sustained observations are essential with appropriate frequency to explore the time-scale of the changes of the oceanic environment  Investigation of the complex interrelations between processes and properties from the top of the ocean to the seabed beneath Needs for a European Network of Fixed Marine Observatories Short-time scales (seconds, minutes, hours, days) Long-time scales (months, years, decades)

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma EMSO is essential to form the European Ocean Observing System

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma EMSO is essential to form the European Ocean Observing System “Support the development of an … integrated and sustainably funded European Ocean Observing System…to be achieved in coordination with relevant initiatives (e.g. ESFRI…”

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● EMSO NEPTUNE (Canada) DONET (Japan) MACHO (Taiwan, province of China) ● ● MARS (USA) VENUS (Canada) OOI (USA) ● Long-Term, Real-Time Cabled Observatories

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Prevalent scientific relevance of EMSO sites Geo-Hazards Climate Change & Ecosystem Test sites OBSEA KosterFjiord

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Elevation/Bathymetry-Plate boundaries VolcanoesEarthquakesTsunamis

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Vavilov Marani et al., 2004 Tyrrhenian Seamounts Marsili volcanic seamount (north view) ~ 3000 m NNE SSW 50 Km ~ 16 Km (© CNR)

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Cabled Observatory layout (NRC, 2003) Models for EMSO nodes Mooring with satellite communications (from “Implementation Strategies for ESONET and EMSO Appendix A”, 2009)

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Example of EMSO nodes Iberian Margin – NEAREST EC Project

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Western Ionian Sea cable infrastructures Infrastructures realised by INFN Funds by EU, Regione Sicilia and MIUR Catania Test Site: 25 km East offshore the Catania harbour, > 2000-m depth Capo Passero Site: 85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth Infrastructures realised by INFN Funds by EU, Regione Sicilia and MIUR Catania Test Site: 25 km East offshore the Catania harbour, > 2000-m depth Capo Passero Site: 85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Western Ionian Sea (off Catania) Shore Station Catania harbour NEMO JB 5 km > 2000 m w.d. 20 km Geo-hazard and bio- acoustic module Bio- acoustic module Web 2005 Real-time data transmission 2008Recovery for refurbishment 2011Re-deployment Main goals: Simultaneous experiment of bio-acoustics (mammal tracking) and geo- hazards (tsunami detection ) ESFRI KM3NeT EMSO Synergy between the 2 ESFRI infrastructures: KM3NeT & EMSO ROV (operative 4000 m)

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Western Ionian Sea (off Catania) payload SensorrateModel 3-C broad-band seismometer *100 HzGuralp CMG-1T ( Hz) Differential Pressure Gauge (DPG)10 HzPrototype Univ. California-St. Diego Hydrophone (Geophysics)200 HzOAS E-2PD Hydrophone (Geophysics)2000 HzSMID ( Hz) 4+4 Hydrophones (Bio-acoustics)96 /192 kHz **SMID ( Hz) Absolute Pressure Gauge (APG) *15 sParoscientific 8CB4000-I 3-C Accelerometer + 3-C Gyro (IMU) *100 HzGladiator Technologies Landmark 10 Gravity meter1 HzPrototype IFSI-INAF Scalar magnetometer1 HzPrototype INGV Vectorial magnetometer1 HzMarine Magnetics Sentinel (3000 m) ADCP1 profile/hRDI Workhorse Monitor (600 kHz) CTD + Turbidity meter1 s/hSeaBird SBE-37SM Wet Lab 3-C single point current meter2 HzNobska MAVS-3 * tsunami early warning system ** 96 kHz at TSN, 192 kHz at TSS

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma The data classification & Destination File system LOW rate data ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler APG Absolute Pressure Gauge CTD Conductivity Temperature GRA Gravity meter PCM Currentmeter LOW rate data ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler APG Absolute Pressure Gauge CTD Conductivity Temperature GRA Gravity meter PCM Currentmeter HIGH rate data Seismometer Hydrophone HIGH rate data Seismometer Hydrophone InstrumentsInstruments Metadata only RDBMS (MySQL) File system (ftp, http)

ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Paolo Favali EMSO-PP Co-ordinator ITU-UNESCO IOC-WMO Workshop Submarine Cables for Ocean/Climate Monitoring and Disaster Warning-Roma Paolo Favali, Laura Beranzoli, Pier Luigi Franceschini Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy (Coordinator) Jean-Francois Rolin Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer, France (Deputy Coordinator) Christoph Waldmann Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V., Germany Michael Gillooly, Fiona Grant Irish MarineInstitute, Ireland Juan Jose Danobeitia, Jaume Piera Unidad de Tecnologia Marina-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain Per Hall Goteborgs Universitet, Sweden Vasilios Lykousis Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece Henry A Ruhl National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK Benedicte Ferré, Jürgen Mienert University of Tromsø, Norway Jorge Miguel Alberto de Miranda, Livia Moreira Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal NamikÇagatay Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Turkey Jens Greinert Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek, The Netherlands