 Archaebacteria: bacteria that lacks the peptidoglycan layer in its structure- Older (in time) bacteria ◦ Live in oxygen free environment ◦ Produce methane gas (methanogens) ◦ Lives in EXTREME environments  marshes, salty environments, volcanoes  Eubacteria: Bacteria that DOES have the peptidoglycan layer in its structure. Common bacteria (E.coli, Streptococcus)

 Eubacteria  soil, in organisms  Archeabacteria  harsh environments (hot springs, animal digestive tract, salty lakes, etc.)

 BACTERIA ARE PROKARYOTIC microorganisms that can be found everywhere

 DNA  genetic information for the organism  Cell Wall  gives structure and shape. Prevents osmosis form bursting the cell for the bacteria: Archeabacteria has NO peptidoglycan in the cell wall BUT Eubacteria does  Pili  pointy structures that allow for attachment to cells

 Cytoplasm  watery material that carries minerals allows for transport within the organism  Plasma membrane  surrounds the organism. Allows for transport of material in and out of the organism  Ribosomes  synthesizes (makes) protein

 Flagella  aids in movement of some bacteria  Capsule  sticky gelatin that some bacteria have. Helps in attachment and causing disease  Plasmid  small circular piece of genetic material that contains a few genes

 Flagella- whip like structure that aids in movement  Slime- slime layer on the outside that moves bacteria along  Spiral movement- propelling of the bacteria with a spiral movement

 Circular  coccus ◦ Streptococcus  Rod  bacillus ◦ Clostridium botulinum  Spiral  spirillum ◦ Spirillum volutans

 Type of arrangement+type of bacteria= how they hangout  Arrangement ◦ Diplo= in pairs ◦ Strepto= in a chain ◦ Staphylo= in clusters ◦ Example: Diplobacillus= rod shaped in pairs ◦ Streptococcus= circular shape in chains Staphylobaccillus= rod shape clusters

 Binary Fission Genetic info is duplicated and bacteria splits Type of asexual reproduction

Genetic information is exchanged between two bacterial cells through a conjugation tube DNA is taken up by the plasmid Each bacterial cell can now divide.

 Obligate Aerobes  bacteria that USES oxygen for carrying out life processes  Obligate Anaerobes  bacteria that DOES NOT use oxygen for carrying out life processes  Facultative Anaerobes  bacteria that can live in an environment that can either have or not have oxygen

 Autotrophic ◦ Make it themselves with the help of light or inorganic matter and chemicals  Chemoautotroph- An organism, such as a bacterium that obtains its nourishment through the breakdown of inorganic chemical compounds.  Ex: Sulfuric bacteria  Photoautotroph- an organism, such as bacteria that synthesizes its own food from inorganic substances using light energy  Ex: Cyanobacteria

 Heterotrophic Breakdown food, dead or decaying matter (organic matter). Decomposers  Photoheterotroph= use light for energy, but still must obtain food from another source  Ex: Helicobacteria  Chemoheterotroph= use the breakdown of chemicals to generate energy but the source comes from another organism. Ex: Bacteria in our gut- E.coli

 Absolutely!!  Endospore structure ◦ A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell ◦ It contains the cell’s genetic material and some of its cytoplasm. ◦ It can resist freezing, heating, and drying, they can survive for many years until the right conditions are present.

 Nitrogen Fixation- bacteria breaks down nitrogen in soil to make it usable for plants  Recycling of Nutrients- bacteria breaks down dead organic matter to return minerals back to the soil  Food and Medicine- cheese, yogurt (lactobacillus acidophilus), sour cream, saurkraut all have bacteria

 Fuels  some Archaebacteria produces methane gas  Symbiotic Relationships ◦ E. Coli Vitamin K in Human Intestines

 Spoil food  Food poisoning because of undercooked foods  Producing toxins that harm living things

 Bacteria attaches to our cells and release toxins that make us sick Some are… Pneumonia  Strep pneumonia Anthrax  Bacilli anthracis Whooping Cough  Bordetella pertussis

 Take antibiotics to kill the peptidoglycan of the bacteria ◦ Pennicillin, streptomyocin, ampicillin, etc. ◦ Survival of Bacteria  Many bacteria are now resistant to these medications and can survive even if you do take them!!  ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

 5 ways that bacteria are important are…  4 places where archaebacteria are found are…  3 shapes that bacteria can be are…  2 diseases that are caused by bacteria are…  1way that bacteria are winning the war on infection is…