Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

 In 2009, the WHO estimated 33.4 million people with AIDS worldwide  2.7 million new HIV infections each year

 Final stage of HIV  Considered a Pandemic  Interferes with the immune system

 Lysogenic virus

 Transmitted through body fluids

 Mucous membranes and blood stream:  Blood  Hypodermic needles  Vaginal, oral, or anal sex  Pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

 Immunosuppressant  Opportunistic infections  Tumors  Flu-like illness upon contraction (sometimes)

 Blood Testing

 Drug ‘cocktails’  HAART  Highly active anti retroviral therapy  Expensive  Multiple side effects  Not available in all countries

 There is currently no cure for HIV or AIDS

 HIV is the same as AIDS  Sex with a virgin cures AIDS  HIV antibody testing is unreliable  HIV can be transmitted by:  Hugging  Touching  Kissing  Coughing  Sneezing  HIV positive people can be detected by their appearance

 HIV cannot be transmitted through oral sex  HIV is transmitted by mosquitoes  HIV cannot live for very long outside the body  HIV only infects homosexual men and drug users  A woman with HIV cannot have children  AIDS came from human-monkey intercourse

 60 million people infected worldwide  25 million deaths  First reported on June 5 th, 1981  By CDC due to 5 homosexual men contracting pneumocystis pneumonia

 Originally called GRID  Gay Related Immune Deficiency  4 H Disease  Homosexual, Heroin user, Haitians, Hemophiliacs

 First positive case from the Congo in 1959  Genetic studies show it jumped from chimpanzees around 50 years earlier

 Most likely entered the U.S. from Haiti

 Rock Hudson  Freddie Mercury  Arthur Ashe  Magic Johnson  Isaac Asimov

 Truly and international disease  If a country acts quickly spread can be slowed  Used to be a death sentence

 Worst affected continent  9 countries have more than 10% of adult population infected  Botswana = 24.8%  South Africa = 17.8%  ~5.6 million people have HIV  Most of any country

 Spending  Education  Medicine and Health  Health workers  Diagnostic tests

 Why is HIV considered an international disease?  Is AIDS a pandemic? Why or why not?  How does scientific education affect the spread of AIDS?  How has HIV changed with regard to lifespan over the last 60 years?  Why is Africa called a continent of orphans?

 1. What were the major populations initially at risk of contracting HIV in the U.S.?  2. What population is the fastest rising group that is contracting HIV?  3. What are 3 ways that HIV can be transmitted?  4. What region of the world is currently the most affected by HIV and AIDS?  5. Describe one of the major symptoms of HIV or AIDS.

 6. What do you think is the best way for the CDC and WHO to handle the current AIDS pandemic? What do you think is the best preventative technique?

 “AIDS” Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia (2012)  History of AIDS 1987 – AVERT: AVERTing HIV and AIDS. (2011)  "A Pocket Guide to Adult HIV/AIDS Treatment February 2006 edition". Department of Health and Human Services. February "A Pocket Guide to Adult HIV/AIDS Treatment February 2006 edition" Department of Health and Human Services  World Health Organization (1990). "Interim proposal for a WHO staging system for HIV infection and disease". WHO Wkly Epidem. Rec. 65 (29): 221–228.  Grant I, Sacktor H, McArthur J (2005). "HIV neurocognitive disorders". In H.E. Gendelman, I. Grant, I. Everall, S. A. Lipton, and S. Swindells. (ed.) (PDF). The Neurology of AIDS (2nd ed.). London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 357–373."HIV neurocognitive disorders"  "HIV and Its Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Archived from the original on February 4, pubs/facts/transmission.htm. "HIV and Its Transmission"Centers for Disease Control and Preventionthe original pubs/facts/transmission.htm  UNAIDS, WHO (December 2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update“ UNAIDSWHO"2007 AIDS epidemic update“  Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL et al (1999). "Origin of HIV-1 in the Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes". Nature 397 (6718): 436–441.