ATP BOOM!

WHAT DO YOU DO? WORK! Mechanical Chemical Transport

WHAT DO YOU LOOK LIKE? 3 Phosphate groups Ribose Adenine

ATP!!!!!! Bonds between P groups of ATP’s can be broken by hydrolysis (ADP) ATP + H2O  ADP + P What do you think ΔG is? – or +??? -7.3 kcal/mol

BONDS Which molecule do you think is more stable (A or B)? Are P bonds strong or weak? How do you know? AB MORE STABLE!

BONDS– OPOO! Phosphates are negative. Being negative means: REPULSION  MORE UNSTABLE REGION

PHOSPHORYLATION When the P leaves the ATP where does it go? Which molecule is PHOSPHORYLATED (A or B)? Why does the P attach to another molecule?

ADP + P  ATP Where do we get the E to “recharge” ADP? E released from catabolic reactions

ATP Energy from Catabolism (sunlight or food) Energy for cellular work and for chemical synthesis ADP + P Release of energy during the hydrolysis of ATP comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy!

REVIEW Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as it grows on a tree, then falls and is digested by someone who eats it?

ANSWER The apple has potential E in its position hanging on the tree. The sugars it contains have chemical E. The apple has kinetic E as it falls from the tree to the ground. When the apple is digested and the molecules are broken down, some of the chemical E is used to do work.

REVIEW At nighttime celebrations, revelers can sometimes be seen wearing glow in the dark necklaces. The necklaces start glowing once they are “activated” (snapping the necklace in a way that allows 2 chemicals to react and emit light in the form of chemiluminescence). Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic? Explain.

ANSWER Exergonic. It releases energy in the form of light.

REVIEW In most cases, how does ATP transfer E from exergonic to endergonic reactions in the cell?

ANSWER ATP transfers E to endergonic processess by phosphorylating other molecules. **Exergonic processes phosphorylate ADP to regenerate ATP**