Studying Geography, Economics, and Citizenship Chapter 2

Studying Geography Chapter 2.1 Geography – the study of the surface of the earth. Geographer- someone who studies the surface of the earth

5 Themes of Geography

Geographers use maps and globes to study the Earth

Hemispheres The Earth is divided in to “half spheres” called hemispheres. The Northern and Southern hemisphere is divided by the equator.

The Eastern and Western hemisphere is divided by the Prime Meridian.

Which two hemispheres do you live in?

Latitude and Longitude Lines Latitude and Longitude Rap https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0c1idtn3e8

Latitude Lines Latitude lines are imaginary lines that run parallel to the Equator and run east and west. They measure distance north and south of the Equator in degrees.

Longitude Lines Longitude lines are imaginary lines that are parallel to the Prime Meridian and run north and south. They measure the distance east and west of the Prime Meridian.

Latitude and Longitude lines form an imaginary grid of lines all around the world. Your GPS reads these lines to give you your exact location on earth.

Types of Maps Physical Maps Political Maps

Physical Map Physical maps show land and water features.

Political Maps Political Maps show names and borders of countries.

Special-purpose maps Special-purpose maps show patterns such as climate, natural resources, or population.

Parts of a Map

Compass Rose- shows direction

Map Scale-measures distance on a map

Cardinal directions-north, south, east and west

Population and culture Migration-movement of people from one place to settle in another place What can cause groups of people to move from one place to another?

Culture Culture is the set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by the members of a group.

Exploring Economics Chapter 2.2 Economics relating to the process or system by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought

Supply Supply is the amount of a good or service that a producer wants to sell

Demand Demand is the amount of something that a consumer wants to buy.

Law of Supply and Demand Law of supply and demand says that the lower the price of a good or service, the more of it people will want to buy!

Trade in World History Imports are goods and services that a country buys from other countries Exports are goods shipped out of a country and sold somewhere else

Barter Economies Barter economy- trading of goods and services for other goods and services

Market Economy Market Economy- people use MONEY to buy and sell goods

Trade Routes

Practicing Citizenship Chapter 2.3 Government- a system by which a group of people rule themselves

Social Hierarchy Social Hierarchy is the organization of groups within a culture in order of importance RSMS Superintendent Mr. Treadway teachers students

Monarchy Monarchy is a government ruled by a king or queen Example of monarchy: Great Britain

Theocracy Theocracy is a government ruled by God or by a god Examples: Vatican City and Ira

Dictatorship Dictatorship-a form of government where one person has absolute power Example: Cuba, Germany under Hitler

Oligarchy Oligarchy is a type of government that ruled is by a small group Example: Ancient Greece

Representative Government Representative Government or Republic- is a government where citizens elect officials to govern Example: United States of America, ancient Rome

Checks and Balances Checks and Balances a system in which each branch of government limits the power of another branch