Skeletal System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRI3MxWJ7tY http://www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm

Skeletal System Objective: By the end of the lesson students will be able to list (3) bones in the body, as well as explain (2) functions of the skeletal system.

How many bones are in the human body? Fun Questions How many bones are in the human body? What is the largest bone in your body?

Key Point: The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissue!

Have You Ever?? Who is he? What’s his story? Broken a bone?? 1 minute share with the person sitting behind/in front of you! Who is he? What’s his story?

5 Main Functions 1. Provides support for the body 2. Protects internal organs from damage. 3. Acts as framework for attached muscles. 4. Production of red and white blood cells 5. Allows movement of limbs

2 main parts of skeletal system 1. Axial Center of skeleton Ribs, sternum, skull, and spine 2. Appendicular All the limbs outside the axial skeleton

Types of Skeletons

Types of Skeletons

Bone Types Examples legs, arms, fingers (phalanges) LONG – primarily used to support weight. Examples legs, arms, fingers (phalanges)

Bone Types SHORT – support weight and allow small movements. Examples ankles and wrists

Bone Types FLAT – for protection and support. Examples ribs, shoulder blades (SCAPULA), breastbone (STERNUM)

Bone Types IRREGULAR BONES – protection of nervous tissue Examples  Vertebrae (backbone) protect spinal cord, mandible (jaw), sacrum

1. Diaphysis – Shaft of bone 2. Epiphysis – ends of the bone Anatomy of a Long Bone 1. Diaphysis – Shaft of bone 2. Epiphysis – ends of the bone

Long bone picture

2 Layers of Bone 1. Periosteum – Outer layer Dense, thick, and hard 2. Endosteum – Inner layer Less dense bone that is sponge like.

Joints Slightly moveable – vertebra and ribs Defined: Points at which bones meet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCCD52Pty4A http://www.sportmed.mb.ca/uploads/pdfs/What%20we%20knew%20-%20What%20we%20know.pdf statistics Slightly moveable – vertebra and ribs

Types of Joints 1. Joint – a location in the body where two or more bones meet to enable movement. 2. Ball and Socket Joint Enables wide range of motion Example – shoulder and hip 3. Hinge Joint Lesser range of motion than ball and socket Example elbow and knee 4. Pivot Joint Enables rotation of head and forearm

Ball and Socket Joint

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

Connective Tissue There are 3 types of connective tissue: Cartilage – strong, flexible cushion between the bones (knees, hips, etc.)

Connective Tissue Ligaments – attach bone to bone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNvtEMTF6YE

3 Types of Connective Tissue 3. Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches MUSCLE to BONE! Achilles tendon in back of your foot http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1729646-a-closer-look-at-the-acl-as-tears-continue-to-run-rampant-in-the-nfl

Problems of Skeletal System Fracture – any type of break in the bone 1. Hairline Fracture – parts of the bone do not separate

Problems of Skeletal System 2. Transverse Fracture – when the break is completely across the bone

Problems of Skeletal System 3. Comminuted Fracture – bone shatters in more than 2 pieces

4. Compound Fracture – break in bone punctures the skin

Problems of Skeletal System 4. Osteoporosis – condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue Bones weaken and become brittle Caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium Milk and other dairy products are excellent sources. Weight training and physical activity help increase bone mass

Osteoporosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKVKNqIOnh0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ&feature=related

Problems of Skeletal System 5. Scoliosis Lateral, side to side, curvature of the spine. Depending on how serious, can be treated by light exercise, a special brace, or surgery.

Scoliosis

Problems of the Joints 1. Dislocation – bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach bone to bone

Problems of the Joints 2. Arthritis – inflammation of a joint, resulting from natural wear and tear

Problems of the Joints 3. Carpal tunnel syndrome – ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell, causing numbness, pain, and weakness in the hand. Caused by normal wear and tear – typing, writing, etc.

Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System: Have a healthy diet DAIRY 2. Wear protective gear

Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System: 3. Get regular check-ups 4. Do weight bearing exercises

Pelvis Vertebrae Label each bone Color each bone Place each bone in correct location Be neat

SKELETAL ASSESSMENT