ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

Adenosine Triphosphate What Is ATP? Adenosine Triphosphate Molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ENERGY! Copyright Cmassengale

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP Copyright Cmassengale

What is the Process Called? HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O) H2O Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale How Does That Happen? An Enzyme! ATPase Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale How is ATP Re-Made? The reverse of the previous process occurs. Another Enzyme is used! ATP Synthetase Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale The ADP-ATP Cycle ATP Synthetase ATP-ase Copyright Cmassengale

When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals Copyright Cmassengale

Copyright Cmassengale Cellular Respiration Includes pathways that require oxygen Breakdown of one glucose molecule produces 36 ATP molecules Copyright Cmassengale

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36ATP’s

Important Molecules in Cellular Respiration CO2 – Carbon Dioxide ATP – Adenine triphosphate NAD – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide FAD – Flavin adenine dinucleotide

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? STEP 1 - Glycolysis STEP 2 - The Krebs Cycle STEP 3 - The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria

Mitochondria Structure Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix

Copyright Cmassengale Diagram of the Process Occurs across Cristae Occurs in Cytoplasm Occurs in Matrix Copyright Cmassengale

STEP 1 Glycolysis Summary Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen) Uses 2 molecules of ATP Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvic Acid

Glycolysis Summary Produces 2 NAD and 4 ATP molecules (2 ATP Used & 4 Produced so overall 2 ATP molecules from glycolysis) Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed

2 PYRUVATE (3 Carbon) + 2ATP Glycolysis Diagram GLUCOSE (6 Carbon) ⇓ 2 PYRUVATE (3 Carbon) + 2ATP

Fermentation Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic) Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) Makes only 2 ATP molecules

Krebs Cycle Summary Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) Cyclical series of reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle Turns twice per glucose molecule Produces 2 ATP molecules Takes place in matrix of mitochondria

Krebs Cycle Summary Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2, and 2CO2

Krebs Cycle ATP NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH2, & 2CO2

Electron Transport Chain Summary 32 ATP Produced H2O Produced Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept electrons from glucose