Atomic structure

Atomic Structure

The structure of the atom ELECTRON PROTON NEUTRON

Sub-atomic particles ParticleChargeLocationmass Proton PositiveNucleus1 amu Neutron NeutralNucleus1 amu electron negativeOrbits the nucleus 1/1842 amu

The Atom Hydrogen Proton Electron Hydrogen has one proton, one electron and NO neutrons

The Atom Helium Electron Proton Neutron Helium has two electrons, two protons and two neutrons

Mass number and atomic number MASS NUMBER: number of protons + number of neutrons SYMBOL ATOMIC NUMBER: number of protons (only)

How many protons, neutrons and electrons?

How shells fill The first electron shell can only hold a maximum of two electrons. The second electron shell can hold a maximum of eight electrons. The third electron shell can also hold a maximum of eight electrons. The fourth electron shell can also hold eight electrons.

The Atom Helium Electron Proton Neutron Helium has two electrons, two protons and two neutrons

The Atom Lithium Protons Neutrons Electrons Lithium has three electrons, three protons and four neutrons.

The Atom Boron Protons Neutrons Electrons Boron has five electrons, five protons and six neutrons.

The Atom Oxygen Protons Neutrons Electrons Oxygen has eight electrons, eight protons and eight neutrons.

The Atom Sodium Protons Neutrons Electrons Sodium has eleven electrons, eleven protons and twelve neutrons.

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Hydrogen H 1 electron0 electron Helium He 2 electron0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Lithium Li 2 electron1 electron0 electron Beryllium Be 2 electron 0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Boron B 2 electron3 electron0 electron Carbon C 2 electron4 electron0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Nitrogen N 2 electron5 electron0 electron Oxygen O 2 electron6 electron0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Fluorine F 2 electron7 electron0 electron Neon Ne 2 electron8 electron0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Potassium 2 electron8 electron 1 electron Calcium Ca 2 electron8 electron 2 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Sodium Na 2 electron8 electron1 electron0 electron Magnesium Mg 2 electron8 electron2 electron0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Aluminium Al 2 electron8 electron3 electron0 electron Silicon Si 2 electron8 electron4 electron0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Phosphoru s P 2 electron8 electron5 electron0 electron Sulphur S 2 electron8 electron6 electron0 electron

How the shells fill with electrons ElementShell 1Shell 2Shell 3Shell 4 Chlorine Cl 2 electron8 electron7 electron0 electron Argon Ar 2 electron8 electron 0 electron

The Periodic table Horizontal rows are called PERIODS Vertical columns are called GROUPS

HHe LiBeBCNOFNe NaMgAlSiPSClAr KCaFeNiCuZnBrKr AgIXe PtAuHg The Periodic Table Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell (this correspond to their group number) E.g. all group 1 metals have 1 electron in their outer shell These elements have __ electrons in their outer shell These elements have 3 electrons in their outer shells

HHe LiBeBCNOFNe Na MgMg AlSiPSClAr KCaFeNi CuCu ZnBrKr AgIXe Pt AuAu HgHg The Periodic Table As you move down through the periods an extra electron shell is added: E.g. Lithium has 3 electron in the configuration 2,1 Potassium has 19 electrons in the configuration __,__,__ Sodium has 11 electrons in the configuration 2,8,1

HHe LiBeBCNOFNe Na MgMg AlSiPSClAr KCaFeNi CuCu ZnBrKr AgIXe Pt AuAu HgHg The Periodic Table Most of the elements are metals: These elements are metals This line divides metals from non- metals These elements are non-metals

HHe LiBeBCNOFNe Na MgMg AlSiPSClAr KCaFeNi CuCu ZnBrKr AgIXe Pt AuAu HgHg The Periodic Table All of the elements in the same group have similar PROPERTIES. This is how I thought of the periodic table in the first place. This is called PERIODICITY. E.g. consider the group 1 metals. They all: 1)Are soft 2)Can be easily cut with a knife 3)React with water

Group 1 – The alkali metals Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

Group 0 – The Noble gases He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Group 7 – The halogens F Cl Br I At

The First Twenty Elements Hydrogen 1,0,0,0 Helium 2,0,0,0 Lithium 2,1,0,0 Beryllium 2,2,0,0 Boron 2,3,0,0 Carbon 2,4,0,0 Nitrogen 2,5,0,0

First 20 Elements continued Oxygen 2,6,0,0 Fluorine 2,7,0,0 Neon 2,8,0,0 Sodium 2,8,1,0 Magnesium 2,8,2,0 Aluminium 2,8,3,0 Silicon 2,8,4,0

First 20 Elements continued Phosphorus 2,8,5,0 Sulphur 2,8,6,0 Chlorine 2,8,7,0 Argon 2,8,8,0 Potassium 2,8,8,1 Calcium 2,8,8,2

The Alkali metals Lithium, Sodium and Potassium have one electron in their outer shell and this is why they are found in group one of the periodic table.

The Nobel gases The Nobel gases have full outer shells and they are found in group 0 of the periodic table. Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon.

The Halogens Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine are the Halogens and they all have seven electrons in their outer shell. This is why they are found in group 7 of the periodic table.