Chapter 1 Panko and Panko Business Data Networks and Security, 9 th Edition © 2013 Pearson Panko and Panko Business Data Networks and Security, 9 th Edition © 2013 Pearson

Into the Cloud Basic Network ConceptsPacket SwitchingInternetworkingLayersInternet StandardsA Small Home Network 2 © 2013 Pearson

 Works at the First Bank of Paradise (FBP) in Hawai`i  Develops new media marketing campaigns using Facebook, YouTube, lists, and the bank’s website 3 © 2013 Pearson

 Current project is the AlohaSmart credit card smartcard ◦ Smartcards have chips as well as mag stripes 4 © 2013 Pearson

 In the morning, opens his tablet to check containing remarks about his PowerPoint marketing plan  Turns on his desktop computer and reworks the PowerPoint presentation  Automatically uploaded “to the cloud” with BlueSynch  Later available to his work notebook and to meeting participants 5 © 2013 Pearson

The cloud imagery indicates that the user does not have to understand how systems “inside the cloud” operate. 6 © 2013 Pearson

 PowerPoint is installed on his desktop computer at home.  For his work notebook computer and on his tablet, PowerPoint is stored in the cloud. ◦ He downloads it when he needs it. ◦ Pays for it by the month, as a service. ◦ It is called software as a service (SaaS). 7 © 2013 Pearson

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 On the FBP networking staff  Manages the headquarters building wireless LANs  Walks around doing readings with her sniffer program  Learns information about access points, their signal power, and their security 9 © 2013 Pearson

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SSIDFBP BSSID A1-B2-C3- D4-E5-F6 BB-D5-33-D4- 6B-DD 19-FF-AE-D4- EC-63 Signal-85 dBm-60 dBm Mode802.11g802.11n Channel EncryptionAES-CCMP AuthenticationWPA2/PEAP VendorCisco 11 © 2013 Pearson

 Currently, must walk around at least daily. ◦ Even then, cannot find intermittent problems.  FBP is installing a centralized wireless management system. ◦ Will be able to manage all access points centrally. ◦ She can constantly monitor the network for problems. ◦ The network will alert her to problems. ◦ The system can even make adjustments automatically. 12 © 2013 Pearson

 In charge of wireless security at FBP  BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) Problem ◦ Number of smartphones and tablets is exploding ◦ Owned by the employees but used partially for business purposes ◦ Great diversity in smartphone and tablet operating systems ◦ Device security is improving but limited 13 © 2013 Pearsonl

 Claire Lorek found a rogue access point in one of her walkarounds.  She and John Lee visited Albert Gomes who installed the unauthorized access point.  Albert thought that the access point was secure in stealth mode.  However, Claire’s and hackers’ software could find it. 14 © 2013 Pearson

 Rather than punish Albert Gomes, they worked to help him.  His department did need more capacity.  Claire would install another access point, one with strong security.  John and Claire had developed an ally. 15 © 2013 Pearson

Into the Cloud Basic Network Concepts Packet SwitchingInternetworkingLayersInternet StandardsA Small Home Network 16 © 2013 Pearson

Working Definition 17 © 2013 Pearson

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The client and the server share processing work. 21 © 2013 Pearson

P2P Processing can be done without a network (as shown) or with a network. No servers are needed. 22 © 2013 Pearson

Transmission Speed Measurements Bits per second (bps) Usually not bytes per second (Bps) Metric Suffixes Kilobits per second kbps (lowercase k)1,000 bits per second (not 1,024) Megabits per second Mbps1,000 kbps Gigabits per second Gbps1,000 Mbps Terabits per second Tbps1,000 Gbps 23 © 2013 Pearson

File Downloads 100 kbps 1 Mbps 5 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps message (250 words).15 s0 s Photograph (5 MB) 8 m1 m10 s5 s1 s0.1 s 1 Hr HTDV Video (10 Mbps) 4 d10 h2 h1 h6 m36 s Backup Synch (10 GB) 12 d28 h6 h3 h17 m2 m 24 © 2013 Pearson

Live or Streaming Media 100 kbps 1 Mbps 5 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps MP3 Song (10 kbps) OK Standard Quality TV (2 Mbps) OK HDTV (10 Mbps)OK Three HDTV Channels OK 25 © 2013 Pearson

Into the CloudBasic Network Concepts Packet Switching InternetworkingLayersInternet StandardsA Small Home Network 26 © 2013 Pearson

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 Each switch along the way forwards the packet out a port to another switch (or to the destination host).  Individual packet switches have no knowledge of the entire path taken by the packet.  We will see how this works in detail in later chapters. 35 © 2013 Pearson

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 Forerunner of the Internet  Funded by Larry Roberts at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) ◦ Now the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)  To explore packet switching  To give researchers access to ARPA-funded software on host computers in distant cities  First four nodes began operation in © 2013 Pearson

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Into the CloudBasic Network ConceptsPacket Switching Internetworking LayersInternet StandardsA Small Home Network 41 © 2013 Pearson

 Bob Kahn at DARPA needed a way for researchers on one network to use resources on another network.  Packets would have to travel across multiple networks.  Kahn and Vint Cerf came up with the idea of connecting multiple networks by devices called routers. ◦ The original name was gateways.  Generically, networks of networks are internets.  Kahn created the global Internet (Capital I). 42 © 2013 Pearson

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 Capitalization of “internet” ◦ With an uppercase “I,” Internet means the global Internet we use every day. ◦ With a lowercase “i”, internet means any internet or the internet layer. 44 © 2013 Pearson

 Basically, Kahn and Cerf created a second layer of networking on top of single networks.  This required the creation of a parallel set of concepts for single networks and internets.  Single networks and internets use similar concepts but give these concepts different names.  It is important for you to get this clear in your head. 45 © 2013 Pearson