 After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, England is ready to start colonizing the New World

Richard Hakluyt says:  We should colonize the New World because…  It’s a source of raw materials  We can increase trade  We can build up a gold supply

Plus…  We can convert the Indians to Christianity

 England is overcrowded, dirty, and dangerous  There are stories of gold mines in the New World

 The English colonists are off to a rough start

The Roanoke Island colony  Named the colony “Virginia” after Queen Elizabeth  Started by Sir Walter Raleigh

 The colonists at Roanoke rely on the Native Americans for food  Their greed for land angers the Indians, and they cut off the food supply  The survivors return to England

 A year later, Raleigh tries again.  1587, Roanoke, again

 Raleigh runs back to England for supplies and more colonists, when he comes back, the colony is deserted

 The word CRO is carved into a tree, and Croatan is carved into a door post

 Were they killed by Native Americans?  Did they leave to another island?

Sagadoc colony  Most of the settlers were convicts  They fought wit the Indians, stole from them, and eventually were starved into returning to England

The joint-stock company  Joint stock companies are backed by people investing in a new project  Everyone gets a piece based on how much they put into the project

 King James of England wries a charter, or contract for two new joint stock companies

Virginia  Settlers arrive in Virginia to set up the first permanent English colony  Off to a bad start

 Diseases nearly wiped out Jamestown  They camped in a swamp  Spent their time looking for gold  The Indians also made things hot

 By the end of the first year, only 38 out of 100 colonists are still alive

Enter John Smith  He gets the settlers focused on building shelters, growing food, and work  You don’t work, you don’t eat

Pocahontas  She meets John Smith, and it’s love at first sight  She teaches him about tobacco

 Highly addictive  Never seen by Europeans before

 so Pocahontas meets another guy, John Rolfe  Rolfe takes the secret of tobacco back to England  Tobacco allows Jamestown to survive, and grow

 Tobacco makes Jamestown and Virginia successful  Chesapeake bay becomes known as the tobacco coast

 The founding of Jamestown marks the beginning of the Colonial Period ( )  Virginia is the first English colony  By the beginning of the Revolutionary Era (1776), there will be 13

 Colonists want a piece of the profits from tobacco  Everybody gets 50 acres if they can pay to get to Virginia

 More labor is needed, so the rich folks come up with the idea of indentured servants  Poor people can come to America for free if they agree to work for someone for X amount of years

 Regular people want more freedom in the decisions of the colony  House of Burgesses – created in 1619; first representative assembly in the colonies

 More and more tobacco plantations are moving onto Indian land  The Indians strike back

 The Indians are attacking former indentured servants, poor people moving into Indian lands  Nathanial Bacon asks Governor William Berkeley to declare war on the Indians to take their land  Berkeley refuses

 Conflict with Native Americans, poor people with no land, and a governor with too much power leads to Bacons Rebellion in 1676.

 Bacon and his men take over the House of Burgesses and burns Jamestown in 1676  Later, Bacon dies of disease, and the House of Burgesses passes laws to prevent a governor from becoming too powerful

The Seperatists seek refuge  A. Seperatists or Pilgrims wanted to separate from the Church of England  They want a tougher church

 B. To escape persecution, they go to Leyden (Netherlands)

 After 12 years of hard work and poverty, Seperatists decide to go to the New World

 Jamestown was started for money, but the Pilgrims are coming for religious freedom

 The Pilgrims come over on their boat the Mayflower  They were headed for Virginia, but get blown off course

 They arrive in Massachusetts in 1620

The Mayflower Compact  Before landing in America, the colonists were faced with the need to establish a government of their own  Everyone must obey the laws agreed upon for the good of the colony

 They Mayflower Compact, signed by 41 Pilgrims, agreed to consult each other about laws for the colony and promised to work together

 This is the first example of self-rule in the colonies

Hard Times = Success!  The Pilgrims start off their first winter on the Mayflower  Shelter was inadequate  Starvation  Disease

 The Pilgrims had strong religious faith  They believed it was the will of God for them to stay at Plymouth

 If it weren’t for the Indians, the Pilgrims would have died  Squanto and Samoset are two Indians that help out

 The Indians teach the Pilgrims how to fish, plant corn, and hunt

 Over the next few months, the Pilgrims find their way around and learn to survive  In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims hold a three day festival of thanksgiving

 The Indians were invited to join them in a celebration of plenty and peace

The First Thanksgiving

Developments in Plymouth Colony  Each settler acquired land of his own  Pilgrims repaid merchants who had sponsored their journey

Outcome of Plymouth  A. Plymouth remained small  B – Plymouth merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony  C. Successful in furs, fish, and lumber

The New England Colonies  Massachusetts, 1620  Reasons for coming to America  Get rich  Improve their lives by owning land  Freedom of religion

10 years later…  The Puritans are another group that are facing hard times in England  1. They want to Purify the English church, not separate from it  They are really unpopular

 The Puritans were:  A. powerful and well educated  B. successful merchants  C. landowners

 They receive a charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Colony The Great Migration 1629 to 1640 – 16-20,000 settlers land in Massachusetts

 Massachusetts government was based on God’s laws  If laws were obeyed God would protect and bring prosperity

John Winthrop – the Governor

The New England Way  The basis of each town is the congregation, a church group  The meetinghouse is the base of law

Town meetings

 Only male members of the church have a voice or a vote  Everyone must attend church

 The Puritans were hard workers, honest, and dutiful  They called this the New England Way

 Because of their hard work, New England has rapid growth  The law required children to read (so they could read the Bible

Rhode Island  Settled by Roger Williams  The King has no right to land to anyone  The land belongs to the Indians. It should be bought, not taken  Separate church and state  All white men could vote, including non church members  People can worship as they please

1636  Connecticut  Settled by Thomas Hooker

Life in the Colonies  New England  Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

 Hooker’s beliefs:  1. Officials could mean well but govern badly  2. Governors should have limited power

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut  First constitution, a written plan of government  Limits the powers of the governor  Established a government run by the people

New Hampshire  Settled by John Mason  Originally part of Massachusetts  1661 – became a separate colony  1679 – became a royal colony  Portsmouth – main city

 Not everyone agrees with the New England Way

Anne Hutchinson  A woman who spreads her own religious beliefs  She was kicked out of Massachusetts and went to Rhode Island in 1638

The Quakers  Another religious group  You don’t need the Bible or ministers  Treat Native Americans fairly  Slavery is evil!

 The Puritans don’t like them either  They are whipped, tossed into prison or hanged  Most flee to Rhode Island

King Phillips’ War  More and more colonists are arriving, and spreading out into Indian territory  The Indians fight back under a leader named King Phillip

 The Wampanoag Indians lose the war, and most are killed or sold into slavery

The Salem Witch Trials  Several young Puritan girls claim to have been possessed by a slave woman  They also accuse several others in the village of witchcraft

 More than 100 people were taken to trial as witches  19 women and one man were convicted  17 hangings, 2 were crushed to death

 Eventually, the town came to it’s senses  Witches, or drugs?

Ergot