Recent Progress of Fast-Ignition Project in Osaka University (FIREX) Recent Progress of Fast-Ignition Project in Osaka University (FIREX) Shinsuke Fujioka,

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Recent Progress of Fast-Ignition Project in Osaka University (FIREX) Recent Progress of Fast-Ignition Project in Osaka University (FIREX) Shinsuke Fujioka, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University

Contributors S. Fujioka, H. Shiraga, N. Miyanaga, J. Kawanaka, K. Tsubakimoto, Y. Fujimoto, N. Morio, S. Matsuo, Y. Kawakami, K. Kawabata, H. Yamamoto, T. Jitsuno, Y. Nakata, K. Shigemori, T. Kawasaki, K. Sawai, H. Murakami, K. Ueda, S. Takamiya, Y. Kubota, N. Sarukura, T. Shimizu, K. Suzuki, S. Urushihara, H. Oku, K. Hashimoto, K. Torimoto, A. Fujita, H. Hasegawa, H. Fujita, Y. Kitamura, H. Matsuo, T. Sakamoto, T. Sezaki, S. Yanagida, M. Koga, O. Maegawa, K. Shimada, S. Okajima, M. Arai, K. Ishii, M. Hatori, H. Nakamura, T. Watari, H. Hosoda, Y. Arikawa, H. Kikuchi, T. Nagai, H. Nishimura, T. Ueda, S. Ohira, Y. Sakawa, K. Tanaka, H. Habara, S. Tanimoto, S. Hino, K. Shimada, K. Kida, T. Iwawaki, T. Norimatsu, M. Nakai, H. Homma, H. Hosokawa, M. Nagata, H. Kadota, K. Fujioka, H. Kaneyasu, Y. Suzuki, H. Nagatomo, T. Johzaki, M. Murakami, M. Murakami, K. Mima, H. Azechi Osaka University, Japan A. Sunahara Institute for Laser Technology, Japan H. Sakagami, T. Ozaki, A. Iwamoto National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan T. Taguchi Setsunan University, Japan Y. Nakao Kyusyu University, Japan M. Key Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA P. A. Norreys Central Laser Facility, UK J. Pasley University of York, UK

One beam of the high power PW laser (LFEX) carries < 6 x W/cm 2 of the peak intensity, integrated fast-ignition experiment is in progress with the LFEX laser. Neutron yield was increased by a factor of 30 by the fast heating. Coupling efficiency between heating laser (LFEX) and fuel was low ( W/cm 2 ) of the LFEX pulse. Another one beam of the LFEX will be in operation in FY2010. Next campaign of the integrated FI experiment will start on August. Summary The most important physics related to the fast-ignition should be clarified in the FIREX project until FY2011.

Compression and heating are separated in fast ignition scheme. ILE, Osaka Compression Heating Ignition & Burning Demo. in JP To be demo. in USA To be demo. in JP

Output from amplifier 2x2 1x4 2x2 Beam transport optics (2F 1F) Pulse compressor (1F) Focusing optics (2F) Sensor 3 Sensor 1 One beam of the LFEX laser is in operation. Another one beam will be in operation inFY2010. ILE, Osaka

Fast-ignition experiment, which was stopped since 2002, was restarted in ILE, Osaka Jun, keV heating with PWL Feb, 2004Construction of LFEX laser was started Mar, 2005First light of LFEX laser Feb, 2007Output Energy 2.9 was achieved Feb, 2008Target irradiation with compressed beam was started Nov, 2008Precision alignment of pulse compressor Dec, 2008Target irradiation with high-power beam was started Feb, 2009Irradiation of Fast Ignition (FI) target was started Jun, 2009Integrated FI experiment (5 ps, < 2 x W/cm 2 ) Sep, 2009Integrated FI experiment (1 ps, < 6 x W/cm 2 )

Fuel capsule attached with a cone is compressed by GEKKO XII laser and heated by LFEX laser. ILE, Osaka Shell Diameter 500 µm Thickness 7 µm Material CD plastic Cone Angle 45 deg. Material 7 µm gold Tip size 30 µm Compression Laser GEKKO-XII Fusion FuelHeating Laser LFEX Beam# 12 beams Energy 280 J/beams (2.5 kJ total) Duration 1.5 ns (Flat top) Wavelength 527 nm Beam# 1 beam Energy J Spot size 40 µm Duration 1 or 5 ps Wavelength 1053 nm

GEKKO XII LFEX laser RA 50 OS 75S RA 50 OS 75S DFM 75 RA 50 OS 75S DA 400S SF 400S DFM 75 RA 50 OS 75S DA 400S SF 400S DFM 75 RA 50 LFEX laser OS 75S OS 125S DA 400S SF 400S DFM 75 RA 50 DFM １ 25 LFEX laser OS 75S OS 125S DA 400S SF 400S DFM 75 RA 50 DFM １ 25 LFEX laser OS 75S OS 125S DA 400S SF 400S DFM 75 RA 50 DFM １ 25 One oscillator was used for GEKKO-XII and LFEX, which are synchronized with an accuracy of 20 ps. ILE, Osaka

Many aspects of fast-heating plasma were measured with diagnostic technique. ILE, Osaka X-ray pinhole camera viewing inside of cone X-ray streak camera Imp./heating timing Time (ns) Space Hard x-ray camera identifying reaction region X-ray framing camera implosion plasma diag. Neutron detector Diagnostic of fusion reaction

Neutron yield was increased by increasing in heating laser intensity by shortening pulse duration. ILE, Osaka S. Fujioka Neutron yield Heating laser (LFEX) energy [J] 1 ps (< 6 x W/cm 2 ) 5 ps (< 2 x W/cm 2 ) w/o heating 1 x 10 4 Neutron yield v.s. heating energy

LFEX(5 ps) LFEX(1 ps) <5 % of coupling PWL(0.6 ps) 15 – 20% coupling eff. Heating laser energy (J) Ion temperature (keV) ILE, Osaka S. Fujioka Coupling efficiency between heating laser and fuel is quite low compared to the PW experiment. Relation between ion temperature and laser energy Goal

Slope temperature of fast electrons is relatively high compared to that obtained in the PW experiment. L1402 L1404 L1411 L1405 L1406 L1408 scaling obtained in PW experiment Ponderomotive scaling Scaling by Pukov (Assuming scale length L = 30 µm) Laser intensity (a.u.) Slope temperature of hot elelctron (MeV) Hot electron temperature v.s. laser intensity ILE, Osaka S. Fujioka

Electron acceleration may be occurred in a preformed plasma inside a cone. Log (laser intensity) Time a few ps （ FWHM ） a few ns (FWHM) 1. main pulse ~ W/cm 2 2. pedestal > W/cm 2 Laser pulse shape pedestal >10 10 W/cm 2 → forming pre-plasma in cone → accelerating electrons in plasma → increasing too hot electrons → reducing coupling ILE, Osaka S. Fujioka

Does the ring-shape emission imply that the inside of the cone was filled with preformed plasma ? ILE, Osaka X-ray pinhole camera viewing inside of cone

Density scale length of a preformed plasma, observed by using side-on x-ray backlighting, is > 50 µm. Backlighter ~ 2.7keV LFEX Laser Au Plate 20.9° 500 μm 1 ns X-ray streak camera LFEX ILE, Osaka S. Fujioka LFEX Laser w/plasma Backlight ns ns ns

2100 mm 105 mm 3 mm Main Target CHCl Backlighter Laser: 1 kJ/ns in 2  Spherical bent crystal M = 20 Monochromatic x rays ： 2.7 keV X-ray Framing Camera Time Framing image Crystal spec. (SAINT-GOBAIN) Material: Quartz （） Radius : 200 mm Bragg angle : 83.01° Photo energy ： 2.7 keV (Vanadium - He  ) Schematic of diagnostics Monochromatic x-ray imaging technique is used to measure areal density of the compressed fuel. ILE, Osaka S. Fujioka

Self-emission image was not superimposed on a shadow image obtained with monochromatic imager. ILE, Osaka S. Fujioka ps ps Max. compression µm shadow image of mesh MTF v.s. wavlength

Dec, 2008Target irradiation with high-power beam started Feb, 2009Irradiation of Fast Ignition (FI) target started Jun, 2009FI integrated experiment with 1-beam LFEX late 2009Multi-beam compression and focusing Beam combining early 2010FI integrated experiment with multi-beam LFEX Test of various advanced target concepts 2011Demonstration of ignition temperature with FI Heating up to ignition temperature (5 keV) should be demonstrated until FY ILE, Osaka

One beam of the high power PW laser (LFEX) carries < 6 x W/cm 2 of the peak intensity, integrated fast-ignition experiment is in progress with the LFEX laser. Neutron yield was increased by a factor of 30 by the fast heating. Coupling efficiency between heating laser (LFEX) and fuel was low ( W/cm 2 ) of the LFEX pulse. Another one beam of the LFEX will be in operation in FY2010. Next campaign of the integrated FI experiment will start on August. Summary The most important physics related to the fast-ignition should be clarified in the FIREX project until FY2011.