CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 1 CSE 341 Programming Languages Autumn 2001 Instructor: Steve Tanimoto Teaching assistants: Rick Cox -- Jeff West -- Purpose: To gain a broad view of programming languages and learn fundamental concepts that relate to them.

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 2 Reasons to Study Programming Languages Improve our understanding of computation and problem solving; our thoughts are shaped by our language (Whorfian hypothesis). Be able to choose the best language for the task. Gain facility at learning new languages. Gain access to great programming “literature”. Build an appreciation for rich programming environments and libraries. Be able to create “little languages” for specific purposes.

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 3 Languages and Major Topics to be Covered Lisp ML Java Prolog Perl Functional programming “ “ with static typing Object-oriented design. Logic programming Scripting.

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 4 Detailed Topics with Lisp Interactive programming Functional programming, referential transparency, recursive functions Functions as first-class objects, closures List processing, uniformity of programs and data Polymorphism Macros Web-based interaction (extra)

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 5 Detailed Topics with ML Static types Type inference More functional programming Pattern matching

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 6 Detailed Topics with Java Object-oriented design Inheritance, interfaces, information hiding. Security and exception handling Portable graphics library: AWT Support for multiple threads

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 7 Detailed Topics with Prolog Specification as programming Predicate logic Horn clauses Unification, resolution

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 8 Detailed Topics with Perl Scripting languages Pattern matching with regular expressions Associative arrays. CGI programming for web-based services Integration with operating system and databases.

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 9 Detailed Topics in Visual Programming History of visual programming execution models: control flow, data flow, visual rules, direct manipulation, algorithm animation Example systems: Agentsheets, Prograph, Stagecast Creator, ToonTalk. Scalability Program visualization

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 10 Textbooks Steven Tanimoto: Symbols, Programs, Interaction: An Introduction to Common Lisp (Autumn 2001 version). Patrick Niemeyer and Jonathan Knudsen: Learning Java. Robert Sebesta: A Little Book on Perl.

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 11 Evaluation Assignments 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7: 30% Assignment 3: 10% Group project: 20%. Quiz 1: 10%. Quiz 2: 10%. Final exam 20%.

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 12 History of Programming Languages FORTRAN numeric ALGOL numeric COBOL business APL vector/matrix math LISP symbols SNOBOL strings PL/ general BASIC1964educational PASCAL1971educational

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 13 History of Prog. Languages (continued) PROLOG1972AI/logic with rules C1972general Scheme1975educational Ada1979general Smalltalk applications/objects C general/objects CLOS LISP/objects Perl1989scripting Java1991applets, general/objects

CSE S. Tanimoto Introduction 14 Orthogonality Every combination of two constructs of a language is meaningful. The meaning of a construct does not depend on its context. Pro: Makes learning a language easier, since there tend to be fewer constructs and there are fewer special cases. Con: Because every combination of constructs must be allowed, nonsensical combinations will compile without error. arithmetic expressions arguments to functions