ANDROID- BASED OS FOR ROBOTICS Yue Liu – ICS 101

Android  Linux-based operation system (OS)  Used with sensitive touch devices  Smartphones  Tablets  Can be combined to generate robotic features

Android-Based Robotic Platform  Requirements:  A smartphone running the Android OS  An electronic board (e.g. IOIO, Arduino)  A remote-controlled car Figure 1 - Android-Based Robotic Platform

Benefits HARDWARE  Size  Cost  Phone-based SOFTWARE Figure 2 - Android PhonesFigure 3 - Cost

Samsung Galaxy S3  1.4 GHz quad-core Cortex-A9 CPU  1-2GB of RAM  MicroSD card reader (up to 64GB)  2,100 mAh Li-ion battery  Multi-touch capacitive touchscreen  Satellite navigation systems  Accelerometer  8.0 & 1.9 megapixel cameras  3.5 mm TRRS audio connector  Bluetooth 4.0  WI-Fi ( a/b/g/v), Wi-Fi Direct, 2G/3G networks  Micro-USB port

Benefits HARDWARE  Size  Cost  Phone-based SOFTWARE Figure 2 - Android PhonesFigure 3 - Cost  Linux-based OS  Develop software in  Java: SDK  Native language (C/C++): native development kit (NDK)

SDK  Eclipse IDK with Android Development Tools (ADT) plug-in  Easy access to different functionalities  Graphical interfaces  Multi-threading  Networking  Data storage  Multimedia  Sensors  Location provider  Speech-to-text, text-to-speech Figure 4 - Android SDK

NDK  Cloud-based applications  Android NDK  CPU-intensive  Does not take up much memory  Android Java application interacts with native code (C/C++) using the Java Native Interface (JNI)  Increase of performance and complexity Figure 5 - Android NDK

Sustainability  Sustainability on local, national, and international levels :  Easy to build  Profitable  Search and rescue operations  Mapping and identifying victims  SPHERES, a free-flying satellites  NASA PhoneSats  Socio-cultural values

Reference  Cogniserv, LLC. Reduce Data Proccessng Cost  Techie Take. Top 10 Best Android Smartphones in 2012 – 2013 List. n.d.  Cognitive Anteater Robotics Laboratory. Android™ Based Robotics: Powerful, Flexible and Inexpensive Robots for Hobbyists, Educators, Students and Researchers. 26 November