The German Energiewende: A lesson for the world? Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes, Board Member BEE - German Renewable Energy Federation The German Energiewende and its impact on cities and their hinterlands, Metropolitan Solutions, Berlin 22 nd of May 2015

BEE - the German Renewable Energy Federation is the umbrella organization of renewable energy in Germany, with 29 member associations and organizations representing 30,000 members, including 5,000 enterprises. Our target: 100 % Renewable Energy.

When did Energiewende begin?

4  2011: Fukushima nuclear disaster  2000: Atomkonsens (nuclear phase-out)  2000: EEG (Renewable Energy Law)  1991: StrEG (Electricity Feed-in Law)  1980s: first wind and solar support programmes  1970s: Wind and solar pioneers  Anti-nuclear movement (1960s, 1970s...) Energiewende – the Roots

What is Energiewende ?

6  Complete nuclear phase-out by 2022  Energy system based on Renewables and Efficiency  smart & flexible  Ambitious Greenhouse Gas Reductions (minus 40% by 2020, by 2050)  Logical consequence: phasing out coal  Encompassing all sectors: electricity – heating & cooling – transport Energiewende – the Rationale

7  Germany is perceived as a frontrunner for successful Renewable energy development and deployment  “EEG” (the Feed-in law) main pillar of success  Energiewende is a global brand / trademark  Share of RES-E increased 3.4%  27.8% (1990 – 2014)  growth continuing  >40 GW wind / >38 GW PV capacity end of 2014  >370,000 people employed in the RES-sector (2013)  32.9 billion € turnover from construction and operation of RES (2014) Energiewende – a success story

8 Public consensus about Energy Transition towards Renewables and phase-out of nuclear – across political parties  But: Energiewende is strongest in the power sector  Stagnating development of RES-H and RES-T  Share of RES-H increased 2.1  9.9% (1990 – 2014) – stagnating since 2011  RES-T: exponential growth (0.1%/1990  7.8%/2007) – decrease and stagnation since then  5.4%/2014  RES in TPEC increased 1.3  11.1% (1990 – 2014) – but: stagnating since 2011  Policy uncertainty and investors’ doubts – from FIT to tendering? market design? ambition level? state-aid? Not all that glitters....

Some Figures

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany : 27.8% RES-E

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2014 RES-E-Capacity 2014: 93.1 GW

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2013 Stagnation below 10% in RES-H

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2013 RES-H: Mostly Biomass

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2013 RES-T: Going down...

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany % RES in Germany

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2014 Investment in new RES: 18.8 bn € (2014)

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2013 Turnover from RES-operation: 14.1 bn € (2014)

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2014 Jobs in RES

Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy - Renewable Energy Sources in Germany 2014 RES avoided 148 million t CO 2 eq in 2014

RES = private people and SME

A lesson for the world?

 Political will and broad societal consensus about Energiewende  First mover advantage through early action  Feed-in tariffs, priority grid access and priority dispatch for market introduction and scaling up  Accelerated learning curves through economies of scale  People’s energy: Participation and benefits across the country Pick the best...

 Taking and implementing decisions for further system transformation  New market design focussing on RES and market integration  Phase out old baseload (nuclear & coal)  Develop flexibility driven energy system (supply & demand)  Develop synergies between power, heating & cooling, transport Challenges ahead

Striving for a truly sustainable, renewables based energy system BEE - German Renewable Energy Federation Invalidenstr. 91 D Berlin Fon  0 Fax 