Contraception Peters Health 2012

R ESPECT Y OURSELF Understands your body, educate yourself Practices health-promoting behaviors, such as abstinence and undergo regular check- ups Know your family’s medical history!

T AKES R ESPONSIBILITY FOR O WN B EHAVIORS Identify your own values Decide what is personally “right” and act on those values Understand consequences of your actions Understand that media messages can create unrealistic expectations related to sexuality and intimate relationships Distinguish personal desires from that of the peer group Recognize behavior that may be self-destructive and seek help if needed

C ONTRACEPTION What is contraception? Prevention of conception or pregnancy (the joining of the ovum with the sperm cell). Why is it important to learn about contraception? This factual information is critical to make healthy decisions now and in the future.

W HAT DO YOU KNOW ? What are some different methods of contraception? Individually or with a partner: Please list all the methods you have heard of, even if you don’t think they are reliable.

M ETHODS OF C ONTRACEPTION Barrier Hormonal Spermicidal Other (natural/surgical)

B ARRIER M ETHODS Female/Male Condoms Diaphragm Sponge

B ARRIER M ETHODS All barrier methods prevent sperm from entering the vagina and/or the cervix. Disadvantages: Can break or come off during intercourse; can expire; can cause allergic reactions.

H ORMONAL M ETHODS Birth Control Pill/ Patch: The Pill contains hormones similar to the natural hormones in a woman’s body. The hormones in the pill stop the release of an egg from the ovaries. No egg = no pregnancy. Depo Provera (shot): a hormone that is injected into a female’s arm or buttock every 12 weeks. The hormone stops the release of an egg and makes the cervical mucous thicker so that sperm cannot enter the uterus.

H ORMONAL M ETHODS Disadvantages: Do not protect against STIs Can have many side effects Are commonly misused Ineffective with certain medication

S PERMICIDAL M ETHODS Spermicidal methods prevent pregnancy by using chemicals to kill sperm on contact. Spermicide (Nonoxynol-9) Contraceptive Foam: A product that comes in a can and has an applicator to put the foam into the vagina. Contraceptive Jelly: A product that comes in a tube and is usually used with a diaphragm or cervical cap. Vaginal Contraceptive Film: A very thin transparent square of film that dissolves quickly and releases nonoxynol-9. Sponge: (also a barrier method) A piece of soft foam that covers the cervix filled with three kinds of spermicides. Condom lubricated with spermicide.

S PERMICIDE Disadvantages: Spermicidal products containing Nonoxynol-9 may cause skin/mucosal irritation/itchiness. This irritation may increase the risk for STI and HIV. Do not protect from STIs

O THER M ETHODS Sterility: Vasectomy(Males)/Tubal Occlusion(Females) Rhythm Method* (Natural Method- timing with female cycle) Withdrawal* *Failure rates are extremely and offer no protection from STI and HIV/AIDS

S CARY S TATISTICS ! About 25% of teen females and 18% of teen males used NO method of contraception at first intercourse. Each year in the United States, 800, ,000 adolescents aged <19 years become pregnant. CDC, 2012

E FFECTIVENESS OF C ONTRACEPTION Failure rates are higher than you would think... Does Contraception Work?Does Contraception Work? -Click here for the stats

B ARRIERS TO U SING P ROTECTION ? What do you think? Brainstorm…. What does the research say: Contraception Use Statistics

T EEN P REGNANCY Do you know how much it costs to have a baby? What social, emotional and physical impacts to you think becoming a teen parent would have?

T AKE H OME M ESSAGE The only 100% effective method to avoid both Pregnancy & STIs: ABSTINENCE !