SPH4C – Unit #1 Kinematics

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Presentation transcript:

SPH4C – Unit #1 Kinematics Acceleration SPH4C – Unit #1 Kinematics

Learning Goals and Success Criteria After this topic I will be able to… Define uniform acceleration and average acceleration Solve problems related to horizontal acceleration

Acceleration Whether we move by the power of our own legs, or by a train, plane, or car, we seldom move at a constant velocity. Either the speed changes or the direction changes. When the speed or direction of an object changes, the object is accelerating. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. However, few objects undergo uniform acceleration. Instead their velocity changes in a non-uniform way. Average acceleration is a more useful quantity. Acceleration Rate of change of velocity per unit time Vector quantity

Acceleration The average acceleration, or , of an object in motion is the total change in the velocity divided by the total elapsed time. The SI unit for acceleration is metres per second per second (m/s/s).

Average Acceleration Average Acceleration Where is the average acceleration (m/s/s or m/s2) is the change in velocity (m/s) is the time interval (s) Note: Sometimes 1 and 2 are used as the subscripts instead of i and f.

Average Acceleration Practice A motorbike starting from rest and undergoing uniform acceleration reaches a velocity of 21.0 m/s [N] in 8.4 s. Find its average acceleration. Aavg = 2.5 m/s2 [N]

Average Acceleration Practice A cyclist, travelling at 14 m/s[S], brakes smoothly and stops in 4.0 s. What is the cyclist’s average acceleration? Aavg = 3.5 m/s2 [N]

Average Acceleration Practice When a hockey player hits a hockey puck with his stick, the velocity of the puck changes from 8.0 m/s[N] to 10.0 m/s[S] over a time interval of 0.050s. What is the average acceleration of the puck? aavg = 360 m/s2 [S]

Average Acceleration Practice A racehorse takes 2.70 s to accelerate from a trot to a gallop. If the horse’s initial velocity is 3.61 m/s[E] and it experiences an acceleration of 2.77 m/s[E], what is the racehorse’s final velocity when it gallops? vf = 11.1 m/s [E]

Homework Read: Pg. 12 – 22 Practice Problems: Pg. 22 #3-8