CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade M. Hansen, CERN for the CMS ECAL upgrade project(s)

Content l Legacy system design and Status l Requirements l Barrel Calorimeter electronics upgrade l End Cap calorimeter upgrade l Conclusion CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

Legacy ECAL Barrel FE electronics system - Design and Status l Modularity s 25 channels = 1 trigger tower l Features s Trigger Primitive generation s Pipeline, event buffer in FE l Status s 25/2592 with issues s 13/2592 irrecoverable CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. STRIP ASIC HSSer. STRIP ASIC STRIP ASIC STRIP ASIC STRIP ASIC HSSer TCP ASIC DAQ ASIC FENIX GOL 800Mbps Trigger etc. ADC QuadADC (5x) PreAmp 3 gain MGPA (5x) PD1 APD1; G=50 PD2 APD2; G=50 PWO crystal 4p.e. / MeV to APD pair VFE card (5x) FE card Low voltage regulator board – 10 linear rad tol regulators Dynamic range 40MeV – 1.5TeV, 40ns RC-CR ASICS in 0.25um tech

Legacy ECAL Barrel trigger tower CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. GOH (GOL hybrid) CCU (Slow control) Front end chip QPLL (clock cleaning) Low voltage regulators VFE FE Mother board

Legacy ECAL Supermodule integration & Slow control l 72 legacy towers in SuperModule s 36 SM in total l Slow and fast control in 8 rings s Single tower of fibre failure recovery; very few issues to date CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

Noise vs ageing l Electronic noise vs ageing and eta s APD dark current predicted to increase with integrated luminosity – confirmed -> l Large Extrapolation suggest noise increase by a factor 10 after 3000fb-1 s Roughly corresponds to 400 MeV/channel s TBC by measurements l The feasibility to operate the ECAL barrel colder and thereby decrease the APD dark current noise is under study CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

CMS ECAL Barrel Anomalous events: Spikes APD Crystal HCAL (2) Hadrons interacting with the APD’s causing anomalous high E deposits Hadrons come from primary interaction and backsplash CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

Legacy Real Time Spike rejection Algorithm l An EM shower deposit E in more than one crystal l A spike typically occurs only in one APD CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. eta strip number: OR result: 1 (shower-like)OR result: 0 (spike-like) EM shower Spike crystal above threshold crystal below threshold eta strip number: channels above threshold strip LUT result: channels above threshold strip LUT result: strip LUT configuration: 00000,00001,00010,00100,01000,10000 → output=0 all other combinations → output=1 TCP ASIC → OR of 5 strip LUT results ϕ ϕ CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

Spike rates l L1 Spike rejection in 2012 O(95%) s Rate sustainable up to LS3 with somewhat raised channel threshold l Legacy Spike Rejection Algorithm is sensitive to PU (see plot ->) l Exploring improvements having access to full granularity of data in the trigger path s Single crystal readout l Exploring pulse-shape variables to provide an additional efficiency/rejection safety margin s Analogue Signal Processing CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

ECAL barrel Phase 2 Upgrade Requirements l Requirements s Trigger rate up to 1 MHz è Legacy max ~150 kHz s Trigger latency up to 25 us è Legacy max ~5 us s Full installation during LHC Long Shutdown 3 s Maintained or improved reliability and availability s Improve the EB spike mitigation l High on the wish list s Decrease the Low Voltage Current delivered to the Front End system in order to decrease the physical volume required for services s Solid failure mitigation scheme è E.g. avoid dependence between neighbours CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

Phase 2 ECAL Barrel FE electronics system - Design idea l Modularity s 1 channel for readout and trigger s As legacy for services (bias, LV) l Features s Trigger-less s Streaming l Requires 10 Gbps GBT s 4 fibers/readout unit CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. HSSer GBT ADC?PreAmp? PD1 APD PD2 APD PbW crystal VFE card FE card PreAmp/ADC? QIE? 9.6Gbps 4.8/9.6Gbps 9,6Gbps 4.8Gbps Controls Data stream + control handshake Data stream LV regulator board, e.g 3 rad tol DCDC

Phase 2 ECAL Barrel FE electronics system - Design idea l Modularity s 1 channel for readout and trigger s As legacy for services (bias, LV) l Features s Trigger-less s Streaming l Requires 5 Gbps GBT s 6 fibers/readout unit CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. HSSer GBT 4.8Gbps ADC?PreAmp? PD1 APD PD2 APD PbW crystal VFE card FE card PreAmp/ADC? QIE? 4.8Gbps Controls Data stream + control handshake Data stream LV regulator board, e.g 5 rad tol DCDC

Current EB R&D plan for TP VFE l Develop a VFE chip set and Carrier s Develop the optimal scheme for spike detection è At the source, i.e. in the very front end amplifier and ADC è In the back end exploiting fine granularity of channel level data s Define the best compromise between noise and power consumption è Considering the increased APD noise due to radiation damage è Considering the possibility to operate the ECAL barrel below room temperature s Optimise sensitivity to out-of-time Pile-Up è Optimise sampling rate and pulse shaping time for HL-LHC conditions CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

Current EB R&D plan for TP l Develop the upgraded front end power system demonstrator s Develop a carrier for e.g. the DCDC module described last Tuesday afternoon by Federico Faccio s Evaluate with legacy front end system s Look out for issues with Noise and Thermal management l Develop a front end card Demonstrator s Streaming data to the back end s Look out for issues with Thermal management l Study existing CMS back end cards and define requirements for the future ECAL back end system s E.g. cards developed for the CMS level 1 trigger phase 1 upgrade CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

CMS EB upgrade Working Groups l WG1: Evaluate Scope of Upgrade with regard to Risk and Schedule s W. Funk, M. Hansen, et al. l WG2: Develop motivation and Evaluate options for upgrading the VFE and the LVR s M. Dejardin et al. l WG3: Evaluate the desired Functionality and characteristics of replacement FE card s A. Singovsky, J.C. Silva, et al. l WG4: Detector Monitoring s D. Bailleux, P. Gras, et al. l Group of electronics developers is growing CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

ENDCAPS SECTION CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.

CMS Endcap calorimeter upgrade l ECAL and HCAL Endcaps are suffering radiation damage l Planning re-build or fully replace ECAL and HCAL Endcaps for HL-LHC l Three proposals on the table CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. HCAL ECAL ES

End-cap calorimeter upgrade Proposal 1 Shashlik ECAL CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. l The Shashlik proposal comprises ECAL and a re-built full HCAL endcap l Readout chain very similar to ECAL barrel Hl-LHC upgrade and HCAL legacy / Phase 1 s ~ECAL barrel system size: 61k channels l SiPM location alternatives s In front of HCAL: InGaP PM and 3m analogue cable s Behind HCAL: SiPM and 3m fiber carrying Shashlik light ADC?PreAmp? PD SiPM PreAmp/ADC? QIE10 Electronics location(s) Intermediate Layer behind HCAL: -E.g. Igloo3 radtol FPGA -10Gb optical link drivers -Services -- Power -- Controls OFF-DETECTOROFF-DETECTOR

End-cap calorimeter upgrade Proposal 2 Combined Forward Calorimeter CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. PD SiPM QIEx, TDC OFF-DETECTOROFF-DETECTOR Scintillating fiber (Slow) Quartz fiber (fast) PD SiPM QIEx, TDC ROC, e.g. Domino Ring Sampler; (“Sparsified” 5 GHz sampling) FPGA e.g. Igloo 3 l CFC Comprises full ECAL and full HCAL endcap l Essentially three ~ECAL barrel sized readout systems s Scintillating, quartz, timing l Fine timing data stored in ROC s Read out after L1A Electronics located behind HCAL: -E.g. Igloo3 FPGA -10Gb optical link drivers -Services -- Power -- Controls L1A

End-cap calorimeter upgrade Proposal 3 High Granularity Calorimeter l HGC Comprises full ECAL and half HCAL endcap s Combined with half re-built legacy HCAL Endcap l “Coarse” trigger primitives sent off detector l Full granularity data stored in ROC s Read out after L1A CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. 64 Chan FE ROC Trigger Primitives 5Gbps e-link RO/CTRL 30k modules in 41 planes Absorber interleaved Intermediate Layer: Behind HCAL: -Map on 10Gb optical links -Services -- Power -- Controls (Fast and Slow) OFF-DETECTOROFF-DETECTOR

Conclusion l Described the Legacy CMS ECAL Electronics system design and Status l Described few issues to be addressed with the upgrade of the CMS ECAL electronics system l Listed a set of CMS Requirements, general to CMS phase 1 and Phase 2 upgrades l Listed future R&D for the ECAL Barrel Calorimeter electronics upgrade l Briefly described options for the Endcap calorimeter upgrade l All in all, interesting time ahead of us CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN.