As. prof. Beley N.N. Ternopil State Medical University about Horbachevsky Soft and dry extracts production. Processes of evaporation and drying. Equipment to evaporation and drying.

Technological stages of soft extracts production: 1. Preparing of production 2. Preparation of herbal raw materials (milling, sifting) and extragent (milling, sifting) and extragent 3. Obtaining of liquid extract 4. Purification of liquid extract 5. Evaporation of solvent for extraction (extragent) 6. Standardization 7. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product.

The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production : Evaporation stage is included 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Manstruum evaporation 4. Drying of slightly evaporated extract 5. Standardization 6. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product Without evaporation stage 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Drying of liquid extract 4. Standardization 5. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product

Methods obtaining of infusion while soft and dry extracts production: 1. Percolation 2. Repercolation 3. Bismaceration and its various modifications 4. Circulating extraction 5. Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent circulating 6. Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors 7. Methods of extraction, including milling of raw materials in the environment of extragent, vortex extraction, extraction using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound, electrical discharges et al.

Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent circulating

Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)

Soxhlet apparatus 1. Cube for distillation 2. Siphon tube 3. Extractor 4. Collector of condensate 5. Reflux -condenser

Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet) is repeated extraction of HRM by the circulating extragent. There is the extragent in the cub and collector. HRM is placed in the extractor and is poured on with an extragent just below the siphon tube. After the imbibitions you have pass extragent through the raw and obtain infusion. Than you have begin to heat up the extragent in the cube. Vapours of the extragent are formed, raised in the reflux-condenser, where they condensates and go to collector. Saturated extract again enters in the cube.

The process extraction in apparatus of Soxhlet is continued until the BAS are completely extracted and the extract in the flask is then processed. The advantage of this method: Large amounts of HRM can be extracted with a much smaller quantity of solvent. This effects tremendous economy in terms of time, energy and consequently financial inputs. At small scale, it is employed as a batch process only, but it becomes much more economical and viable when converted into a continuous extraction procedure on medium or large scale.

Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors HRM and extragent are continuously loaded into the extractor from opposite hopper and moving toward each other. The degree of exhaustion of HRM is governed by the length of the apparatus and unload speeds of HRM and extragent.

Equipment for Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors 1. Horizontal screw ( helix) extractor 2. Vertical screw ( helix) extractor 3. Disk extractor 4. Extractor with spring-blades

Horizontal screw extractor 1. Hopper 2. Inlet for extragent 3. Outlet for extract 4. Helix (screw) 5. Inclined helix

Vertical screw ( helix) extractor 1. Loading column 2. Helix to combine 3. Extractive column 4. Inlet for extragent 5. Outlet for extract 6. Helix (screw)

Disk extractor 1. Extractive tube 2, 5 Stars for movement of rope 3. Steam jacket 6. Rope to which perforated disks are attached 7. Perforated disks 8. Inlet for extragent 9. Hopper 10, 12 Collector of extragent 11. Outlet for extragent

Extractor with spring-blades 1. Body 2. Inlet for extragent 3. Outlet for extract 4. Camera is divided on the sections 5. Drum with spring- blades 6. Plates for hitting 10,11 hopper for HRM

Advantage of the methods 1. The most effective method to get a extract with a higher yield and lower cost 2. Used a relatively small amount of extragent 3. Ability to automate the process 4. Little amount of the equipment 5. Exclude the work of downloading of raw material

Methods of extracts purification 1. Boiling, then standing in cool place and filtering. 2. Boiling with adding of kaolin, then standing and filtering. 3. Alcohol-purification method: extract is evaporated to volume lees in twice, adding of Ethylic Alcohol 96 % in double amount, standing in cool place for 7 days. Transparent solution is poured off, alcohol is evaporated to obtaining soft extract.

Evaporation of extragent to soft extracts production - is process increasing extract viscosity by removing of the extragent by evaporation in the vacuum at the temperature about °C. The state of art are cautious vacuum evaporation apparatus and evaporation temperatures not exceeding 55 C. The temperature in correlation with the evaporation time is of special importance for quality of this step of manufacture, if the extract contains easily volatile or thermo- labile constituents.

Evaporators are used to concentrate a solution, separating the vapour from the solution. All evaporation equipment contains a heat exchanger for heating the process solution and a means to effectively separate the vapour from the residual liquid, called a vapour separator. Evaporator performance is rated by L per hour or Kg per hour of evaporation. The greatest increase in steam economy is achieved by reusing the vaporized solvent. This is done in a Multiple Effect Evaporator by using the vapour from one effect as the heating medium for another effect in which boiling takes place at a lower temperature and pressure. Another method of increasing the utilization of energy is to use a Thermo Compression evaporator, in which the vapour is compressed so that it will condense at a temperature high enough to permit its use as the heating medium in the same evaporator. This type is also called a MVR or mechanical vapour recompression.

Equipment for evaporation of the extragent Equipment for evaporation of the extragent 1. The rotary directly flow apparatus 2. Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax 3. Foam evaporator

The rotary directly flow apparatus 1. Body (corp) 2. Inlet for liquid extract 3. Separation camera 4. To backing of drops 5. To vacuum 6. To dividing of extract on the flows 7. Scrapers (blades) 8. Steam jacket 9. Shaft (rotor) rotating 10. Outlet for soft extract

Foam evaporator 1. Pump 2. Working capacity 3. Partition 4. Separator 5. Nipple for vapour 6. Devise for distribution 7. Inlet for liquid extract 8. Camera for evaporation 9. Ventilator 10. Nipple for condensed extract 11. Horizontal hot tubes

Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax 1. Flask-collector 2, 3 Tubes of the heater 4. Flask for circulating of drops and vapors of extragent 5. Trunk 6. Condenser 7. Inlet for liquid extract 8. Flask for extragent 9. Outlet for extragent 10. Circulating tube for vapors of extragent 12. Heater

The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production : Evaporation stage is included 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Manstruum evaporation 4. Drying of slightly evaporated extract 5. Standardization 6. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product Without evaporation stage 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Drying of liquid extract 4. Standardization 5. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product

Drying of the extracts in the dry extracts production is the process of moisture removal to obtain solid or powdered product with a moisture content less than 5%. Drying of purified extracts can be fulfilled by two planes: 1) Drying of liquid extract without evaporation 2) Drying slightly condensed extract after the evaporation stage.

Equipment for drying of condensed extracts 1. Vacuum drying apparatus Slightly evaporated extract is placed on trays by thin layer and dried. Porous mass is obtained which is milled. 2. Vacuum roller dryers Slightly evaporated extract is placed on the hot rollers which rotate toward to each other. It is dried and milling simultaneous.

Equipment for drying of liquid extracts 1. Lyophilise or dye-sublimation drying - freeze dryers. 2. Spray dryer.

Freeze dryers

Equipment used to dry slightly condensed extracts 1. Cylindrical-vacuum drying 2. Vacuum-drying cupboard