VCE Chemistry Units 1

Unit 1 Atomic Structure Atomic Mass and Mole Calculations Ionic Bonding Metallic Bonding Covalent Bonding Organic Chemistry Polymers

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER VCE Chem Unit 1

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space Matter

Kinetic Theory of Matter… All matter is made up of particles Different substances have different sized particles Particles are always moving - move faster at higher temperatures Particles are held together by bonds that vary in strength

States o Matter SolidsLiquidsGases Space between particles Very small Large Bond between particles Strong (rigid structure) StrongVery weak Movement of particles Vibrate in a fixed position Roll over each other Move freely States of Matter

Substances change state when energy or heat is added to them Heat gives the particles more kinetic energy causing them to expand *copy the diagram Changes in states of matter

Melting Point Freezing Point Boiling Point Condensation Point Write a definition for the following words:

Most atoms are combined with others in nature. PHASE CHANGE CH 3 CH 2 OH ( l )  CH 3 CH 2 OH ( g ) CHEMICAL CHANGE CH 3 CH 2 OH + 3 O 2  2 CO H 2 O Pure Substances and Mixtures

Elements and Compounds

Consist of only 1 type of atom O OO OO O O O O O O O O Oxygen Atom Element Example: oxygen Elements-

A group of two or more atoms linked together by a covalent bond OO Examples: oxygenwater O HH Molecule-

A group of two or more DIFFERENT atoms linked together by a bond Examples: salt NaCl Compound-

PRACTISE Each shape below represents an atom of a particular element. a) State whether each is a representation of a group of atoms or a group of molecules. b) State whether the diagram represents an element, a compound, or a mixture. Practise

In a physical change, the substance involved remains the same substance, even though it may change state or form. In a chemical change, the original substance is changed into one or more different substances that have different properties. Physical vs. Chemical Changes

3 The following are clues that a chemical change has happened: Heat or light is given off Bubbles of gas are formed A new colour appears The change is difficult to reverse A solid material (called a precipitate) forms in a liquid