kinetic theory matter is made of atoms & molecules

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Presentation transcript:

kinetic theory matter is made of atoms & molecules they act like tiny particles that are ALWAYS in motion the higher the temperature of the substance is, the faster the particles move at the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive ones helps to explain the differences between the three common states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas

states of matter solids have a definite shape and volume examples: ice, marble, dry ice liquids change shape, not volume examples: water, mercury gases change both shape and volume examples: carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen fluid: a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid plasma is the most common state of matter examples: fire, lightning plasma: a state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons

three common states

energy’s role because they are in motion, all particles of matter have kinetic energy energy: the capacity to do work temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy temperature: a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object thermal energy depends on particle speed and number of particles thermal energy: the total kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms

kinetic energy & states of matter

thinking questions Compare the temperature and thermal energy of hot soup in a small mug and that of hot soup in a large bowl. Which particles have the strongest attraction between them: the particles of a gas, the particles of a liquid, or the particles of a solid? Use the kinetic theory to explain how a dog could find you by your scent.