The Reproductive System Made by Kellen Wagner, Elizabeth Westwood, and Amanda Waugh

Female Gonads

Location Pelvic region of the body Two female ovaries (one on either side of the body) Ovaries are connected to uterus by fallopian tubes

Hormones Produced Produces estrogen and progesterone Sex hormones Estrogen- a steroid hormone that produces female characteristics for a human Progesterone- released by the corpus luteum to prepare the uterus for pregnancy Sex hormones Inhibin- suppresses follicle stimulating hormones Relaxins- found in pregnant females which relaxes muscles to make birth easier

What do hormones do? Regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy Development of female body characteristics Breasts Body shape Body hair Help maintain homeostasis in the body

Feedback Mechanisms and Antagonistic Hormones Negative feedback mechanism controlled by the female gonads would be melatonin Positive feedback mechanism of the female gonads would be when the ovaries secrete oxytocin during birth Oxytocin calms the body

Glands of the Female Gonads Ovaries Androstenedione Progesterone Estrogens Inhibin Placenta Human chrorionic gonadotropin Human placental lactogen Uterus Prolactin Relaxin

Lack/Excess of Hormones Excess of hormones (estrogen) can cause a women to develop in inability to become pregnant A lack of hormones can be very harmful to the body Heavy menstrual bleeding can occur Too little estrogen can cause issues with the absorption of vitamins Hypogonadism- when ovaries are not producing enough sex hormones This can usually cause Turner Syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis, and galactosemia

Treatments For hormonal imbalance, women can see a bioidentical hormone doctor and undergo bioidentical therapy To treat various gland disorders doctors must replace hormones in the ovaries to try and copy the normal hormone production

Male Gonads

Location Male gonads are located behind the penis in a skin pouch called the scrotum

Hormones Produced Produce sex hormones called testosterone Testosterone- a steroid hormone from the androgen group

What do hormones do? Stimulate the formation of the sperm in the seminiferous tubules Develop reproductive tissue Increases… Muscle size Bone mass Body hair

Maintaining homeostasis Sustains spermatogenesis Maintains muscle bulk Maintains secondary sex characteristics Aids in erectile function

Feedback Mechanisms and Antagonistic Hormones FSH stimulates the production of sperm cells A follicle stimulation hormone released by the pituitary LH (luteniziry hormone) stimulates production of testosterone GnRH (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) is an antagonistic hormone found in the male gonads that reduces LH production, suppressin, and testosterone

Glands of the Male Gonads The pituitary gland releases… LH (hormone) FSH (hormone) GnRH (inhibitor)

What happens if there is a malfunction? If the gonads are not functioning properly, testosterone production might decrease, resulting in negative affects on… Sexual function Mood Behavior Muscle production Bone density

Treatments Hormonal therapy is the most common treatment Climophene citrate is often used to compensate for low testosterone in place of regular testosterone therapy

Sources http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/male-reproductive-system http://www.innerbody.com/image/repmov.html http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/male_reproductive.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/femalereproductivesystem.html http://www.patient.co.uk/health/the-female-reproductive-system