Somebody call the doctor! An introduction to water health

Warm-up Write a homework reminder! Creek Trip is NEXT CLASS! Update your Table of Contents for today! What do you think are some indicators that determine if water is healthy or unhealthy? Date Session # Activity Page 5/12 & 5/13 4 Water Quality Indicator Note Guide 6 Water Diagnosis Chart 7

How do we know if our water is healthy? There are PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL indicators that work together to determine the health of the water

Temperature Definition: How hot or cold the water is Healthy: Correct temperature to support the organisms/environment Unhealthy: Too high or too low for organisms/environment Minimum = 32o Maximum = 97o

Temperature Causes of Temperature Change: loss or gain of shade heat pollution seasonal/global changes Effects of Temperature Change: decreased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) increased bacteria levels increased algae growth

turbidity Definition: A measure of how cloudy water is due to “stuff” in it. Healthy: Drinking water should be at or below 1 NTU; Salt water = below 25 NTU; fresh water = below 50 NTU Unhealthy: Drinking water = above 5 NTU; Salt water = above 25 NTU; Freshwater = above 50 NTU

turbidity Causes of Turbidity Change: erosion run-off disturbance of water algae growth Effects of Turbidity: increased temperature decrease in DO clogs gills in organisms blocks sunlight for photosynthesis

ph Definition: Measure of how acidic or basic the water is Healthy: Correct level for the type of water. Freshwater: 6.0 8.0; Saltwater is usually between 7.5 8.5 Unhealthy: Incorrect level for the the type of water or to support life.

ph Causes of pH level change: acid rain or other chemicals minerals washing into water Effects of pH level change: death to sensitive plants and animals

pH mini lab Levels: 06 is acidic 7 is neutral 814 is basic (alkaline)

pH mini lab To demonstrate the idea of pH, you tested 4 things and recorded their pH level. What were the pH levels, and based on the reading, were they an acid, base or neutral? Lemon Juice Windex Tap Water Your Mouth pH Value Acid, Base or Neutral?

Dissolved Oxygen Definition: Oxygen gas dissolved in the water Healthy: Right amount dissolved oxygen = lots of life; 4-5 ppm is optimal Unhealthy: Low dissolved oxygen = little or no life

Dissolved Oxygen Causes of Change in DO Levels: increased temperature decaying plant matter Effects of Change of DO Levels: less diversity of species fish kills

Nutrients Definition: Something that is usually good, but can become toxic when there is too much Healthy: Correct amount of nitrates, phosphates, sunlight, minerals like salt = lots of life Unhealthy: Too many/not enough nutrients = little or no life nitrates = above 1 ppm phosphates = above .003 ppm

Nutrients Causes of Nutrient Level Changes: fertilizer run-off animal waste run-off Effects of Nutrient Level Changes: EUTROPHICATION low DO

EUTROPHICATION FLOW CHART Excess Nutrients  Algae Bloom (pond scum)  darkness below surface  photosynthesis stops decomposers & other organisms use up oxygen DEATH Of Organisms

Hardness What are you testing for when you are testing the hardness of water? Minerals, specifically…Calcium & Magnesium “Hard” Water = contains Calcium & Magnesium “Soft” Water = little or no Calcium & Magnesium

Bio-indicators Definition: Macro-invertebrates that live in the water and are sensitive to pollution Healthy: A lot of bio-indicators = healthy water Unhealthy: Little or no bio-indicators = unhealthy water

Bio-indicators Causes of Change in Bio-Indicator Levels: increased levels of pollution Effects of Change in Bio-Indicator Levels: damages food chain loss of organisms

“Game changers” MERCURY Natural element that is toxic – dumped in water from industries Usually affects people through eating fish from mercury contaminated water Causes kidney damage & brain/neurological disorders

“Game changers” COLIFORM BACTERIA Bacteria commonly found in water, soil and vegetation Some forms are harmless, but can indicate the presence of fecal matter or other harmful bacteria like E.Coli

You be the doctor! Use the notes you just took to: Diagnose the possible cause of the water issues on the Water Quality Checklist Decide if the water is healthy or unhealthy

Vocabulary Splash All of the vocabulary words will be on the slide. Study the words for 30 seconds. Next slide will be missing 1 of the words from the original slide. Write down the word that is missing and its definition as quickly as possible.

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform Mercury Hardness Mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Nutrients pH Coliform Mercury Dissolved Oxygen Hardness Mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform Hardness Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Hardness mercury Nutrients pH Turbidity Temperature Bio-Indicators Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

Temperature Turbidity Bio-Indicators Nutrients pH Coliform mercury Dissolved Oxygen Coliform

homework Bring rain boots/shoes & clothes you can get dirty for class next…we are going to the creek! EOG Review Booklet Due May 27th!