Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 1. The fish component Behavioral/physiological requirements – must be in normal (optimal) range Dissolved inorganic and organic compounds 4.pH

Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 2. The water component – 3. Pond or rearing area/container Provide spatial requirements for species

Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 4. Nutritional requirements Provides energy requirements to meet – standard metabolic demands Components associated with water quality

Aquaculture systems Biotic and abiotic components: 5. Management of the system Fish culturist governs how well all components will be “balanced” Management factors: Record-keeping Pond cleaning techniques and frequencies

Aquaculture systems Management conditions : 1.Extensive culture: Low degree of input on manager’s part Low water exchanges Common in developing regions Subsistence production

Aquaculture systems Management conditions: 2. Semi-intensive Higher degree of management than extensive Common in warmwater foodfish industry – catfish Feed daily Assess growth and mortality

Aquaculture systems Management conditions: 3. Intensive Common in salmonid culture Feeding of commercial feeds at high rates Continual sampling and monitoring

Aquaculture Public aquaculture: Purpose: Mitigation Conservation/species recovery (ESA) Management/sport fishing Mitigation: Columbia/Snake River systems

Aquaculture Conservation: Endangered species preservation Recovery of listed stock

Aquaculture Management/sportfishing: Game fish stocking (non-salmonids) Bass Pike Walleye Put and take fisheries

Aquaculture Private aquaculture Purpose: Commercial: Food/table fish and other aquatic species Fee fishing Trout/catfish Common in Midwest/east

Aquaculture Bait fish – for sportfishing in many states Forage fish Tilapia/carp Ornamental species Aquarium/hobbyist trade Direct or wholesale markets

Aquaculture Components of private and public aquaculture: 1.Production: All life stages 2. 3.Marketing (important in commercial) Sales and distribution 4.Processing waste Disposal 5.Value added product

Aquaculture Factors to consider in private aquaculture: Feed availability/manufacturing Equipment Product development/marketing Engineering/construction Real estate

Aquaculture Economics: Variable costs Eggs/fingerlings Feed Mortality Utilities Maintenance Fixed costs: Labor Insurance Taxes Advertising