Innovative Approaches to Wildlife/Highway Interactions Terminology

Communication  Complex challenges require complex answers  We need all the skills and innovation from ALL of you  …but let’s be able to understand each other

Professional Jargon  Engineers and biologists have different jargon  We assume everybody else understands it

Professional Jargon  Engineers work with objective, concrete concepts, and frequently well- substantiated data  Biologists work with subjective, abstract concepts, and uncertain data with many qualifiers

Crossing Structures  Two basic categories:  Structure crosses over the critters  The critters cross over the structure

Wildlife Crosses OVER the Traffic  Wildlife Overcrossings  Tunnels

Wildlife Overcrossing

Cumberland Gap Tunnel  Cars drive through the mountain  Habitat remains intact above

Wildlife Crosses UNDER the Traffic  Generalized term: UNDERPASS  Two types of underpasses  Bridge  Culvert

Single Span Bridge

Viaduct Viaduct

Culverts (Wildlife Crosses UNDER the Traffic)  Three general types  Box Culvert  Culvert (Continuous)  Bottomless Culvert

Box Culverts

Box Culvert

Culvert (Continuous)

Slotted Drain Culvert  Shawnee NF  For rattlesnakes

Bottomless Culverts

Bottomless culvert RISE SPAN LENGTH is perpendicular to road

Barriers  Used to divert or stop movement

Fence

Fence (Arizona)

Fence (Florida)

Boulder Fence for Elk

Jersey Barrier

Barriers: Cuts, Jersey Barriers

Barrier: Sound Wall

Barrier: Retaining wall

Escape Structures  Used to allow animals trapped on the roadway a way to escape  Two main types  Escape Ramp  One-way Gate  Some work better than others

Escape Ramp

Escape Ramp (from bottom) SAND

One-way Gate

One-way Gates: About 8 times less effective than Escape Ramps

Terminology Activity