Before 10/10: Map Practice On page 117, view the map and answer the 2 questions that go along with it. You have 5 minutes.

Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks Chapter 4 / Section1 The Early Greeks

The Geography of Greece (pg.117) Mainland Greece is a mountainous peninsula (puh*nihn*suh*luh) – a body of land with water on three sides. The Ionian Sea (eye*oh*nee*uhn) is to the west of Greece, the Aegean Sea (ih*jee*uhn) is to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea is to the south. Mountains and seas divided early Greek communities.

The Ancient Greeks were fishers, sailors, traders, and farmers. Although Greece’s rocky soil made it difficult to farm, people could grow wheat, barley, olives, and grapes.

3 Min. Pause Turn to the person beside you and discuss these three things. Be sure to write your answer on separate sheet of paper to turn in. (One sheet of paper per group) What was the main idea of what you just read? What connection can you make with what you just read. Do you have any questions about what you just read?

The Minoans (pg. 118) The ruins of the Minoan (mun*noh*uhn) civilization, the first civilization to arise in Greece, are on the island of Crete (kreet). Artifacts at the palace at Knossos (nah*suhs) reveal the riches of the Minoan people, such as wine, oil, jewelry, and statues.

The Minoan people were traders, traveling by ships to trade with other countries. The Minoan civilization suddenly collapsed around 1450 B.C. Undersea earthquakes may have caused giant waves that washed away Minoan cities. Or the cities were destroyed by invaders from mainland Greece, the Mycenaeans (my*suh*nee*uhns).

3 Min. Pause Turn to the person beside you and discuss these three things. Be sure to write your answer on separate sheet of paper to turn in. (One sheet of paper per group) What was the main idea of what you just read? What connection can you make with what you just read. Do you have any questions about what you just read?

The First Greek Kingdoms (pgs. 119-120) The Mycenaean’s were originally from central Asia and invaded the Greek mainland around 1900 B.C. The Mycenaean leaders became the first Greek kings. The center of the Mycenaean kingdom was a palace surrounded by large farms.

The Mycenaeans began trading with the Mionoans and learned much from the Minoan culture such as: Bronze work Ship building Using stars and sun to navigate the sea Worshipped Earth Mother who was the Minoan’s chief goddess. By 1100 B.C., the Mycenaean civilization had collapsed.

3 Min. Pause Turn to the person beside you and discuss these three things. Be sure to write your answer on separate sheet of paper to turn in. (One sheet of paper per group) What was the main idea of what you just read? What connection can you make with what you just read. Do you have any questions about what you just read?

The Dark Age The Dark Age occurred between 1100 B.C. and 150 B.C. and was a time of less trade and increased poverty among people. One positive of the Dark Age was a huge population shift that expanded the reach of Greek culture

The Dorians The Dorians (dohr*ee*uhns) were a Greek speaking people who lived in Greece’s northern mountains. The Dorians began moving south and many settled in Peloponnesus (peh*luh*puh*nee*suhs). The Dorians brought new weapons and farming technology to the Greek people.

Greek Alphabet The Greeks picked up the idea of an alphabet from the Phoenicians. The Greek alphabet had 24 letters that stood for different sounds. It made reading and writing much simpler.

3 Min. Pause Turn to the person beside you and discuss these three things. Be sure to write your answer on separate sheet of paper to turn in. (One sheet of paper per group) What was the main idea of what you just read? What connection can you make with what you just read. Do you have any questions about what you just read?

A Move to Colonize (pg. 121) After the Dark Age, Greek people began to set up colonies (settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland). Colonization spread Greek culture. Between 750 B.C. and 550 B.C., Greece had colonies in Italy, France, North Africa, and Western Asia. Trade continued to grow and soon merchants were trading goods for money instead of more goods. Greeks began to mint coins in the 600s B.C. People began to specialize in making certain products.

3 Min. Pause Turn to the person beside you and discuss these three things. Be sure to write your answer on separate sheet of paper to turn in. (One sheet of paper per group) What was the main idea of what you just read? What connection can you make with what you just read. Do you have any questions about what you just read?

After 10/10: One Pager Without using your notes or text, draw me one picture that depicts the lesson. Then write five words around the picture that describes the lesson. (your words DO NOT have to describe your picture) Make sure to give your work a title. Please Color. You have 15 Mins.

The Polis (pgs. 122-123) Like the Mesopotamians, the Greeks set up independent city-states known as a polis (pah*lis). An acropolis (uh*krah*puh*luhs), located at the top of a hill, was the main gathering place of the city-state, or polis. An agora (a*guh*ruh), or open area, served as a market and as a place for people to meet and debate issues.

Greek Citizenship The Greeks were the first to develop the idea of citizenship, in which citizens of a country were treated equally and have rights and responsibilities. In Greek city-states, only free, native-born, land-owning men could be citizens. Eventually the land owning requirement was dropped, but slaves and foreign born residents continued to be excluded. Women and children might qualify as citizens, but received none of the rights that went with citizenship.

Responsibilities of a citizen: Rights of a citizen: Gather in the agora to choose officials and pass laws Vote Hold office Own property Defend themselves in court Responsibilities of a citizen: Serve in government Fight for their polis as a citizen soldier

Citizen Soldiers The military of the city-states was made up of ordinary citizens, not nobles. These citizens were called hoplites (hahp*lyts) and fought each battle on foot instead of horses. Each carried a round shield, a short sword, and a 9-foot spear.

Hoplites made good soldiers because, as citizens, they took pride in fighting for their city-state. These loyalties also divided them and caused distrust and a lack of unity among Greek city-states.

CITIZENSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES What do you think are the rights and responsibilities of being a citizen?