Managing Safety and Health Programs 2-hour Lesson Sam Mason, CMfgT, CSTM Authorized OSHA Trainer Morehead State University

Managing Safety and Health Programs

Safety and Health Pays off What Return can a S&H program provide? Improved employee morale, Decreased lost time, Fewer workplace injuries and illnesses, Lower insurance costs, and Safety culture adoption. These injuries cost society $127.7 billion in 1997, according to the National Safety Council figures. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/safetyhealth

Management System + S&H Integration How can safety and health become a part of the way our business runs? Combine performance standards with S&H standards, Talk the talk and walk the walk, Top down support, and Bottom up implementation.

Doing a Safety & Health Check Up What indicators tell me if I’m getting weaker or stronger? Statistical reports, Opinion surveys, Risk analysis, Periodic inspections, Daily inspections Checklists Process improvement initiatives.

Creating Change What practices are best for assuring lasting success? Obtain management buy-in. Build trust. Conduct self-assessments. Develop a site safety vision. Develop a system of accountability and measures. Implement recognition and rewards. Provide awareness training. Implement process changes. Continually measure, communicate results and celebrate successes.

Challenges How can employers maintain a safe and healthy work environment? What are the basic provisions of workers’ compensation laws? What is OSHA and what does it do? What are some of the main health and safety issues in the workplace?

Introduction Research indicates benefits to companies who establish effective worker safety and health programs: Reduction in the extent and severity of work- related injuries and illnesses Improved employee morale Higher productivity Lower workers’ compensation costs

Proactive Safety and Health Management H.W. Heinrich’s Theory

Workplace Safety and the Law Workers’ Compensation Benefits Injuries or illnesses occurring on the job Total disability benefits Impairment benefits Survivor benefits Medical expense benefits Rehabilitation benefits

Exemplary Workplaces Common characteristics of effective safety and health programs: Assignment of responsibility to managers, supervisors, and workers Regular inspections to control hazards Employee training and orientation for the recognition and avoidance of hazards

S & H Program Guidelines Systematic approach to hazard: Identification Evaluation Control

S & H Program Guidelines Goes beyond specific requirements of the law to focus on all hazards

S & H Program Guidelines As the size of the workplace increases so does the need for a formalized written program Program effectiveness more important than “In Writing” Element taken from the ‘Safety and Health Program Guidelines - 1989’

Major Elements Keys to an effective program: Management commitment and employee involvement Worksite analysis Hazard prevention and control Safety and health training

Management Commitment Management provides: Direction and motivation All in Safety Teams, Safety and Health Leader Resources Videos Continual on-site training Activity control Periodic Safety Plan revisions Annual Self Inspections

Inspections? Together federal and state OSHA programs have about 2,500 inspectors to cover more than 100 million workers at 6 million sites. That's one inspector for every 2,400 worksites and every 40,000 employees. At a rate of roughly 90,000 inspections per year, OSHA would visit each worksite once every 66 years!

Management Commitment Safety and health policy statement Clear program goals and objectives Visible involvement in program from top management Leadership Focused Committed

Management Commitment Assignment of safety and health responsibilities Clear communication of program goals

Management Commitment Provides adequate authority to responsible personnel Holds managers, supervisors and employees accountable for meeting their responsibilities

Management Commitment & Employee Involvement Complement one another Management provides the motivating force and resources for safety and health programs Employee involvement provides workers opportunities to develop and express their own commitment to the safety and health program

Employee Involvement Active role for employees: Workplace inspections Hazard analysis Development of safe work rules Training of coworkers & new hires

Worksite Analysis Hazard Identification: Facilities Processes Materials Equipment Use professionals that understand the processes involved

Worksite Analysis Perform job hazard analysis Break tasks down into elements Identify the hazards in each element Identify control measures and safe work rules for each element

Worksite Analysis Identify existing hazards Anticipate hazards where procedures or operations change

Worksite Analysis Provide for regular site safety and health inspections Method for reporting and correcting hazards: Communication of hazards Method for correcting reported hazards Prioritizing work Timeliness Without fear of reprisal

Worksite Analysis Effective system for: Identify root causes Accident Investigations Near Misses Identify root causes Contributing factors Methods for prevention of reoccurrence

Worksite Analysis Plan

Worksite Analysis Plan Conduct a comprehensive, baseline survey for safety and health and periodic, comprehensive update surveys. Change analysis of planned and new facilities, processes, materials, and equipment. Perform routine job hazard analyses. Conduct periodic and daily safety and health inspections of the workplace.

Worksite Analysis Analyze injury and illness trends over time: Identify injury type patterns Identify injury task patterns Analyze by department Identify common causes and prevent reoccurrence

Hazard Prevention and Control Make a determination that a hazard exists Where feasible, eliminate by job or task design/redesign If elimination is not feasible, then control the hazard: Engineering controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Hazard Prevention and Control System for timely correction or control of hazards Safe work procedures: Developed from worksite analysis Training Correction of unsafe performance Positive reinforcement Enforcement

Hazard Prevention and Control Provide for facility and equipment maintenance Plan and prepare for emergencies: Training and drills Medical Program First aid Physician and emergency care

Catching Hazards that Escape Controls After hazards are recognized and controls are put in place, additional analysis tools can help ensure that the controls stay in place and other hazards don’t appear. These other tools include: Employee reports of hazards Accident and Incident investigations Injury and illness trend analysis

Employee Reports of Hazards Employees play a key role in discovering and controlling hazards that may develop or already exist. Establish a reporting system by using Supervisor chain of command, Safety and health committee member Voice mail box Suggestion box

Employee Reports of Hazards An effective reporting system needs: A policy that encourages employees to report safety and health concerns, Timely and appropriate responses to the reporting employee, Timely and appropriate action where valid concerns exists, Tracking of required hazard correction, Protection of reporting employees from any type of reprisal or harassment.

Accident/Incident Investigations Another tool to use for uncovering hazards that were missed All accidents and incidents should be investigated Even “Near-Misses” Six questions should be answered Who What When Where Why How

Trend Analysis Analysis of injury and illness trends over time to identify patterns with common causes so preventative measures can be taken. Reviewing OSHA Injury and Illness forms 300 and 300A Looking for similar injuries or illnesses Indicate lack of hazard control Where it occurred Type of work being performed Time of day Type of equipment

Safety and Health Training How do we know what the hazards are? floor workers, supervisors, managers, contractors, and part-time and temporary workers

Safety and Health Training When is training required? New employee OR Employee is new to the job Change occurred (chemicals, processes, equipment) When it is required by a Standard Incident occurs Audit shows is necessary When Requested

Safety and Health Training Only properly authorized and instructed employees should be allowed to do any job. Make sure no one does a job that appears unsafe. Hold emergency preparedness drills. Pay particular attention when new operations are being learned so that everyone has the proper job skills and awareness of hazards. Supervisors and managers should be trained to recognize hazards and understand their responsibilities.

Safety and Health Training The five principles of teaching and learning should be followed to maximize program effectiveness. They are: Trainees should understand the purpose of the training. Information should be organized to maximize effectiveness. People learn best when they can immediately practice and apply newly acquired knowledge and skills. As trainees practice, they should get feedback. People learn in different ways, so an effective program will incorporate a variety of training methods.

Types of Safety and Health Training Needed: Orientation training for site workers and contracts/contractors JSAs, SOPs, and other hazard recognition training Training required by OSHA standards, including the Process Safety Management standard Training for emergency response people Accident investigation training Emergency drills

Safety and Health Training Effective new employee orientation: Employee safety and health responsibilities Protective measures Proper procedures for machine operation Understand all safeguards Exits and emergency procedures

Safety and Health Training Who needs it? New hires, contract workers, employees who wear PPE, workers in high risk Managers and supervisors Importance of visibly supporting the safety and health program and setting a good example Company policies and procedures Hazard detection and control Accident investigation Handling of emergencies How to train and reinforce training

Evaluating Safety and Health Training Reinforcing employee training: Continual feedback Refresher training as needed If you give a document in Native language, you need to give the training in the Native language If done correctly, can identify strengths and weaknesses Keep training records to ensure everyone who should get training does. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/safetyhealth/mod3.html

OSHA Alliances Strategic Partnerships VPP

Alliances Enables organizations committed to workplace safety and health to collaborate with OSHA to prevent injuries and illnesses in the workplace OSHA and its allies work together to reach out to, educate, and lead the nation's employers and their employees in improving and advancing workplace safety and health.

Alliance Benefits Build trusting, cooperative relationships with the Agency. Network with others committed to workplace safety and health. Leverage resources to maximize worker safety and health protection.

How Alliances Work OSHA and the participating organization must define, implement and meet a set of short and long-term goals that fall into three categories: Training and education Outreach and communication Promote the National Dialogue on Workplace Safety and Health

Getting Started with Alliances For national Alliances, contact OSHA's Office of Outreach Services and Alliances at 202-693-2340. For regional or local Alliances, contact the OSHA regional office for your area.

OSHA Strategic Partnerships The OSHA Strategic Partnership Program for Worker Safety and Health (OSPP), adopted on November 13, 1998 An expansion of OSHA's experience with voluntary programs. http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/partnerships/index.html

OSHA Strategic Partnerships Extended, voluntary, cooperative relationship with groups of employers, employees, and employee representatives Opportunity to identify a common goal, develop plans for achieving that goal, and cooperate in implementation. Most are small businesses, with an average employment of 22 workers.

Partnership Growth OSHA Strategic Partnerships

OSHA Strategic Partnerships Many of these partnerships focus on areas of concern addressed in OSHA's Strategic Plan. These partnerships are seeking solutions to silica and lead exposures Serious hazards in the: Nursing home, Food processing, Logging, and Construction industries.

OSHA Strategic Partnerships

OSHA Strategic Partnerships

Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) Designed to recognize and promote effective safety and health management. In the VPP, management, labor, and OSHA establish a cooperative relationship at a workplace that has implemented a strong program: Management program that meets OSHA criteria Employees participate & work with management OSHA provides public recognition Removal from routine inspections http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/vpp/index.html

OSHA Consultation Services

OSHA Consultation Service Free Service: Find out about potential hazards in the workplace Improve safety & health management systems Qualify for one-year exemption from routine inspection

OSHA Consultation Service Delivered by state governments: Well trained staff On-site consultation Confidential Commitment to correcting serious job hazards http://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/publication.AthruZ?pType=AthruZ#C